The Sides and Roles of Slavery in America - 756 Words

The Sides of Slavery Slavery played a large role in this country. Americans in this time period didnt find slavery wrong or immoral. Slaveowners didnt view black people as humans. They were closely compared to animals. Due to this attitude toward slaves, they were treated brutally. Very rarely did slaves escape to freedom, but Frederick Douglass was one of the few that did. He was one of the first to write about his experiences as a slave. He helped reveal the extent of slavery and awoke many to the moral unjust of this crime. This story is one that every American should read. Its about the life of Frederick Douglass, born a slave but escapes and becomes a free man. In this journey he is faced with many trials and struggles. As a child he grew up never meeting his father and had his mother die at a very young age. He moves to Baltimore later in his life where he is taught to read. Education for slaves is frowned upon. They try to keep slaves as docile as possible. But Douglass finds ways to educate himself. When Douglass begins to be more resistant toward the slave owners and even attempts to escape, he is sent to a special slave breaker, where he is punished heavily and beaten often. At some point Douglass snaps and fights the slave breaker, Mr. Covey. After this fight he is never whipped again. After many attempts, he manages to escape to New York and succeeds Hutton 2 in becoming a free man. AtShow MoreRelatedRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst, the chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism caused slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. Jordan’s â€Å"The MutualRead MoreCauses Of The Missouri Compromise Of 1820814 Words   |  4 Pagestensions between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery factions within the U.S. congress and across the county. The history of slavery and manifest destiny became one of the main reasons why The Missouri Compromise came to be. Meanwhile, the senate was debating whether they should aboli sh slavery or expand it, as well as how slavery befits the country economically. Many economic, political, and social events occurred in order for The Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be established. Slavery in America began when theRead MoreThe Between North And South1641 Words   |  7 Pageswas learning to live on its own, apart from England with its own economy, laws, and government. Not long after it declared independence that a rift between North and South began to start. The North believed in the Puritan Merchant role model, and the South in the role model of the English Country Squire. The difference in point of views soon caused the United States to start to split apart before eventually completely separating and resulting in one the bloodiest wars in American history. PriorRead MoreNotes On Demand For Equality898 Words   |  4 PagesExam #1: Demand for Equality In the United States, it can be said that slavery and wars have shaped our nation for the good and the bad. According to some ideas of â€Å"history†, the African American soldiers were treated as equals during wars such as The Revolutionary War, The Spanish-American War, The Civil War, World War I, and World War II. There we no wars that no African Americans did not participate in some shape or form. However, many historical remembrances, might be classified as mis-remembrancesRead MoreSlavery And Women s Rights876 Words   |  4 Pagesindependence as a sovereign United States of America. However, there were many issues that went overlooked by the Constitution that stated all â€Å"men are created equal.† This did not pertain to African American slaves and women who struggled for freedom and rights as new citizens of the United States. Historians debate the role the Revolution played in both slavery and women’s rights. Some argue that it benefited the abolition of slavery and heightened the role of women in society while others say it mutedRead MoreThe Making Of A Nation1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe Making of a Nation The history of the United States could nearly not be written without the affirmation and recognition of the practice of slavery on American soil. Made to remain docile and obedient, the physical and psychological turmoil inflicted on imported humans seen merely as property has shaped and molded the very foundation this great nation stands upon. The life of a slave seemed to be that of a meager, inhumane being. They were worked until their muscles ached, beat until their skinRead MoreCivil War : A War Between Citizens Of The Same Country1609 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as a war between citizens of the same country. Why would America have this fight? The Northern states of America decided that they would no longer tolerate the Southern states treating African Americans as slaves because of the color of their skin. When disputes were brought up over this issue between the North and South, the South was too persistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful in a bolishing slavery, so in result, the South went against the North. There wereRead MoreA Brief Note On Civil War And Its Effects On The United States1602 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as a war between citizens of the same country. Why would America have this fight? The Northern states of America decided that they would no longer tolerate the Southern states treating African Americans as slaves because of the color of their skin. When disputes were brought up over this issue between the North and South, the South was too persistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful in abolishing slavery, so in result, the South went against the North. There wereRead MoreEssay on Slavery In American History1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthe drive to abolish slavery. ¡Ã‚ ± Abolition Movement was not only meaningful to itself, that is, slavery was abolished and black slaves were freed, but also meaningful to the whole nation, because it exerted much influences on American society and economy. In this paper, I will firstly present a brief introduction about slaves in North American. Secondly, I ¡Ã‚ ¯d like to unfold a systematic picture of Abolition Movement. Finally, I will summarize this movement ¡Ã‚ ¯s influences on America from two aspects,Read MoreThe Economic Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa, Britain, and America1398 Words   |  6 Pagesand captains soon derived a fantastic plan that would take advantage of the goods in America, Britain, and Africa. Today this fantastic plan is non-other than the triangle trade. In the triangle trade, crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugar from America were transported to England. From England, textiles, rum and manufactured goods were transported to Africa. Then from Africa, slaves were transported to th e Americas. Even though these slaves were real human beings they were referred to as â€Å"cargo† and

A Bad Day in My Youth Free Essays

A Bad Day in my Youth When I was 11 years old, I was like all boys of this age; I loved to do what ever my parents forbade me to do. Now, I understand that they had a reason to warn me about many things. One of them was climbing places where children shouldn’t be. We will write a custom essay sample on A Bad Day in My Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now I couldn’t resist climbing trees or buildings just like a monkey. It was a nice, summer day and we lived in Odessa, Ukraine. Ukraine buildings formed courtyards. My friend and I played in the yard. The yard was small with garages and a big tree in the back. We climbed everywhere we could: tree, the roofs of the garages and the attics. We were like adventurers; we tried to imagine being Indiana Jones the man from the movie I saw on TV. I was impressed by his adventures. We knew that no one would tell us to stop because our parents were shopping, that day, and we stated with my best friend’s grandmother. She was a chubby and pleasant woman, 78 or 79 years old, and couldn’t always see what we were doing. So we took advantage of that old woman who couldn’t really know what we were doing. When we climbed the tree; my friend accidentally stepped on my arm and I fell and broke my leg and right hand. At first, I didn’t feel anything because of shock, but then, severe pain pierced the broken bones. My friend’s grandmother called the ambulance. I was scared when, in the hospital, doctor put a cast on my leg and hand. I imagined what my mom was going to say, I was afraid that she would be angry but she wasn’t. She said â€Å"I told you a million times you shouldn’t play like this and that, one day, you would break neck. You are lucky that it’s not a broken neck. Please don’t play games like this anymore. † I understood that mom was right and was trying to warn and protect me; the result of my disobedience was a broken finiteness’s. I was in a leg cast for 6 months and had to be home-schooled. My arm was in a cast for 3 months, but now it’s fine. Now I always to do what my parents tell me to do, because I know that they want to do the best for me. They are older; they have life experience and they know what way is better. Once, I did what I wanted to do. I will not make this mistake, again. How to cite A Bad Day in My Youth, Papers

Chickenpox and Its Epidemiology free essay sample

Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) transmitted via the respiratory route that causes itchy, blisters-like rashes usually lasting about 5-10 days. It is highly contagious transmitted by person to person contact (direct) from respiratory secretions or indirectly through contact with airborne respiratory droplets, via soiled inanimate objects infected by discharge from skin lesions, vesicle discharges or nasopharyngeal secretions. The incubation period lasts about 10-21 days and the disease is communicable 1-2 days before and until the lesions become crusted. The symptoms includes a low grade fever, headache and listlessness which occurs in the prodromal period. This is followed by the appearance of an itchy rash usually mostly on the scalp and trunk but can affect the entire body and mucus membranes such as the mouth with an appearance of shallow white ulcers. The pruritic rash has three phase; macular, papular and vesicular which forms scab and crust over. Fetal effects are rare congenital symptoms which presents as congenital varicella syndrome with infection during the first trimester of pregnancy, low birth weight, extremity atrophy, scarring of the skin and eyes and neurological abnormalities (Maurer Smith 2013). Treatment of acute infection includes isolation of the infected person at home until the lesions have crusted and supportive by rest, relief of itching with the use of calamine lotion, tepid oatmeal baths and antihistamines, use of mittens and wearing nails short to prevent developing bacterial infection of the skin due to scratching. The use of antipyretics but non aspirin containing medication as this is associated with Reyes Syndrome. Antiviral may be used for immunocompromised persons are those at risk for developing a severe case of the disease to decrease symptoms. Complications includes; secondary bacterial skin infections caused by scratching, encephalitis, pneumonia and death. Prevention of the disease is achieved by vaccination with the varicella vaccine in children, adolescents and adults, and the herpes zoster vaccine for persons 60 years and older (Maurer Smith). The prevalence of chickenpox it’s highly contagious and more than 95% of Americans get infected by adulthood. The CDC estimates that approximately 4 million cases occur each year worldwide. It occurs mostly in late winter to spring. Incidence approximately 1 in 2,254 or 0. 04% or 120,624 people in the Unites States acquire the disease annually. Every year 5000-9000 hospitalizations and 100 deaths from chickenpox in the US ass documented by the CDC-OC. Adults are shown to develop a more severe case of chickenpox with a higher rate of complications and death. Since the availability of the varicella vaccine in 1995 it has shown to be highly effective in reducing the incidence of chickenpox and protective against severe cases (CDC-OC n. d). The determinants of health addresses factors that causes some people to be more healthy than others and how we can adjust situations in our environment to make a society where everyone have a better opportunity to living healthy lives. The determinants of health are identified as the range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that influences health status. These factors can be categorized under several broad topics such as policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behavior and biology and genetics. To achieve individual and population health these factors have to be interrelated. Determinants of health focuses its efforts beyond traditional health care and public health sectors. It is inclusive of education, housing, transportation, agriculture and environment to be important areas in improving population health (HealthyPeople. gov n. d) Policymaking addressed at different levels affect individual and population. In the case of how this contributes to the development of chickenpox and its possible complications in the fetus it is required by the state that the varicella vaccine be given as a routine childhood vaccination therefore all pregnant mothers should have had the vaccination in childhood. Social and physical determinants of health can have impact on the range of health functioning and quality of life outcome. These factors addresses the social and physical conditions in a person’s environment. Some social determinants Includes; the availability of resources to meet daily needs such as educational and job opportunities, healthy foods, exposure to mass media, internet and cell phones, socioeconomic conditions and public safety. Some physical determinants includes the natural environment, climate change, population density, building environment, housing and neighborhoods to name a few. These determinants contributes to the development of chickenpox when individuals and population fail to adhere to public safety during an outbreak of chicken pox. Also in areas that are densely populated a large number of persons will be exposed to getting the virus. Persons with poor socioeconomic standings might not have access to mass media or other sources of technological information to knowledge about the disease and precautionary measures to prevent contracting the disease. Poor health outcomes are often worsened by the individual’s interaction with their social and physical environment. The access to health services and its quality can also impact health. Lack of access or limited access to health services is a major determinant of an individual health status. This contributes to the development of chicken pox in individuals who don’t have health insurance or is an illegal immigrant, they will be less likely to participate in primary prevention and more likely to delay obtaining medical treatment. Some barriers to health services that contributes to the development of the disease includes high cost, lack of availability or in the case of vaccine shortage mostly seen in developing countries and limited language access. These barriers can cause unmet health needs and inability to receive preventative services. Individual behavior as a determinant of health plays a major role in health outcomes. Individual behavior consists of diet, physical activity, hand washing and compliance with vaccine preventable diseases. This factor contributes to the development of chickenpox when individuals refused be vaccinated and do not have natural immunity against the disease. Therefore in an epidemic of chickenpox these individuals have a higher risk of contracting the disease. Biological and genetic factors affects specific populations more than others. An example of a genetic determinant of health is Sickle Cell Disease which is a condition characterized by the offspring inheriting the disease because both parents carry the sickle cell gene. In the case of chickenpox there is no biological or genetic factors that contributes to a person developing the disease as it is caused by a virus rather than by genes. In discussing the epidemiological triangle as it relates to chickenpox the triangle consists of three factors; the agent, the host and the environment in the disease process. All factors have to be present for the disease to occur. Below is a diagram of the triangle; The agent/pathogen of chickenpox is the causative factor which is highly virulent and can infect many people with exposure to a relatively small amounts of virus. The agent is transmitted via the respiratory tract through direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions. The incubation period is 10-21 days with agent being communicable 1-2 days before or until the lesions are crusted. The host is the reservoir or the person susceptible to the disease. The host is determined by specific factors such as ethnicity, gender, age or race, genetic risk factors, physiological and anatomical factors, nutrition or fitness and defense mechanism. In the case of chickenpox none of these host factors are determinants for an individual contracting the disease but a person’s response to stress may impact the host response to the disease. All humans possess defense mechanism to prevent against communicable disease agent. Natural defenses includes; tears, intact skin, mucous membrane, saliva and cilia (nose hair). The host immune system also acts as a defense mechanism and immunity can be natural or artificial. Natural immunity occurs when the individual develops immunity after exposure to the disease because of the body’s antigen-antibody reaction to the infection. Artificial immunity can be passive or active and is given by vaccination (Maurer Smith 2013). The environment in the epidemiological triangle determines how the disease is spread. For chickenpox it strives in a cool climate and environments that are densely populated will see a higher incidence of the disease. Isolation of the infected person from the environment can help to curb its transmission. The population can be encouraged to wear mask when there is an epidemic. Having knowledge of the interrelation of the factors of the epidemiological triangle and its transmission of chickenpox is essential for the community health nurse. With this knowledge the nurse is equipped with the skills of assessing the households and communities for favorable environments, susceptible hosts and the viability of the agent. The nurse Should have the expertise to educate families and communities to make the environment less favorable for the agent. For example the nurse can educate families and communities about the time in the cycle when an infected person is likely to transmit the agent to the susceptible host and how to prevent the spread of the disease like keeping the infected person isolated, washing and cleaning inanimate objects that were in contact with the infected person separately. The community health nurse has varied roles in the prevention of chickenpox on populations, individuals and families. To achieve this the nurse must have basic information about chickenpox such as the causative agent, incubation period, mode of transmission, symptoms, protective measure and treatment (Smith 2013). The community health nurse role in case finding includes location of individuals and families with identified risks factors which connects them to the source. This can be achieved by implementing primary preventive measures which is aimed at reducing persons who are susceptible and reducing their exposure. This is achieve through health promotion and implementation of specific measures before the disease occur such as health education and vaccination and isolation of infected individuals. The nurse’s role in follow up involves assisting individuals and families and communities to identify and access necessary resources in order to resolve the problem. Data collection and analysis by the nurse involves screening individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions (web n. This is where secondary prevention comes in which is aimed at early detection through screening person who are asymptomatic, identifying persons at risk and implementation of treatment to cure the disease to prevent any disability or complications. Tertiary prevention is aimed at limiting existing disability in the early stages of the disease and providing rehabilitation for persons who have experience loss of function such as person who have developed severe complications from chickenpox. The nurse would provide education to prevent deterioration in the person’s condition or referral to resources that can help clients minimize loss of function. One national organization that addresses chickenpox is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which is the leading organization in providing epidemiological services to promote health. The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) is a part of the CDC that is responsible for preventing Disease, disability and death from respiratory and enteric viral diseases by providing immunization and other preventive measures. The main objective of the NCIRD is aimed at optimizing the safe, efficient and effective use of vaccines and other measures to prevent viral diseases (NRICD 2012). The CDC recommends two doses of the chickenpox vaccine for children, adolescents and adults which is about 98% effective at preventing chickenpox (CDC 2014).

Moral vs Immoral Essay Example

Moral vs Immoral Essay The purpose of this essay is to analyze the Shakespearean play, Henry V. This historical play provides the reader with the background on the causes and effects of the actions of a king attempting to hold on to his throne. Throughout this play, King Henry V is forced to make many choices, which affect his public view as a leader. His actions are not always honorable. Henry must act immorally and unforgivably, in order to maintain the stability of his reign. This is demonstrated in a few ways. He must choose the path of least resistance in order to maintain a domineering public perception. He must make a difficult choice in the execution of one of a close personal friend. He must choose his battle tone after his army lands at the gates of the town of Harfleur. One of his first moral choices came at the beginning of the play. The English Church, at the time, was a very powerful and rich institution, second only to the throne. Henry is approached by the Archbishops of Canterbury and Ely, and convinced into attacking France, using his right to the French throne as an excuse for the invasion. Even though Henry chose to follow the advice of these men, he places any blame for its failure on their heads. He cites the possibility of a Scottish uprising against England after his troops depart for France, and the lack of proper homeland defense that would occur should his army assume this task. Another instance in which Henrys morals are challenged is during his audience with the Dauphin. Henry has already decided to invade France, yet after he is publicly humiliated by the tennis ball gift form the Dauphin, he proceeds to explain that because of the Dauphins ignorance, the blood of the French people will not be on his hands. His failure to take res ponsibility for the impending battles, and placing the blame, not once but twice on others, clearly displays his low morals. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral vs Immoral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Moral vs Immoral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Moral vs Immoral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the most difficult choices a person can make is that of the greater good. King Henry is challenged by this situation early in the play. He has already chosen to invade France and documentation was presented to him about the thievery and traitorous actions of three of his countrymen. These men include Cambridge, Scrope, and Grey. Scrope was a personal friend of Henrys and it disturbed him greatly to learn of his treasonous acts. The process by which Henry came to his decision about the traitors fate was a very unique one. While Henry already had knowledge of their actions, he asked the three for advice on the fate of a drunken man who was incarcerated for making remarks against the throne. Henry told them that he was leaning towards amnesty for that individual and requested the three mens counsel about his decision. All three agree that the man should be executed. What Henry does is wonderful. He frees the drunk, and informs the three men that they are to be executed for treaso n. They had no mercy for that individual, so he had no mercy for them. His friend Scrope even offers him a bribe in order to spare his life. Henry rejects the offer and the execution goes on as scheduled. The double-standard precedent set by Henry shows early signs of his immorality. He deals out monarchial punishment on a whim and there are no clear-cut rules. At the beginning of the invasion of France, Henrys army lands at the northern port city of Harfleur. Henry chooses to take a very no-nonsense tone with the citizens of Harfleur. He announces that, under no uncertain terms, the city is to surrender to his army and do it quickly. He warns the leader of the city, that if his mandate is not followed to the letter that he has authorized his army to murder, rape, pillage, and cause total destruction of the town and all who dwell within it, including women and children. He takes this tone because of his fear of the loyalties to France by the townspeople. Charles VI, King of France, is intimidated by the English force and offers a compromise. He offers Henry some land and the hand of his daughter, Catherine, in marriage, but not the French crown. Henrys, now increasing greed, is getting the better of him. He believes that his subjects would see this offer, if accepted, as a sign of weakness and does not have much choice except to reject the offer. The French are unable to fortify Harfleur and surrender the town without the firing of a single shot. Henry now has a forward operating base in which to conduct further operations in his attempt to conquer France. In this situation, Henry uses immoral tactics in order to achieve his goal of domination. His brutal words towards the French women and children are barbaric. At first, I had to consider if it was a bluff, or if he truly meant what he said. I think that he realized that the taking of France was the only way to maintain his popularity as ruler of England. Once he spoke the words he had no choice but to carry out his threats, regardless of its morality. In conclusion, this play, Henry V, demonstrates some of the forced morality choices that were almost required if one was to maintain the kingship. In those times, indecision or weakness displayed by a ruler meant his overthrow and usually death. I think that the phrase, rule with an iron hand, fits this play perfectly. Henry had no choice but to act immorally and unforgivably, in order to maintain the stability of his reign. The must underlying immoral act that Henry chose was the act of war itself. He regretted the bloody way his father ascended to the throne yet, he took a similar course to maintain it. Even though it would have meant the end of his reign, if saddled with high moral values, he would have chosen another course of action. War is the ultimate immoral act.

Definition and Examples of Dialectic in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Dialectic in Rhetoric In rhetoric and logic, dialectic is the practice of arriving at a conclusion by the exchange of logical arguments, usually in the form of questions and answers. Adjective: dialectic or dialectical. In classical rhetoric, notes James Herrick, Sophists employed the method of  dialectic  in their teaching, or inventing arguments for and against a proposition. This approach taught students to argue either side of a case (The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 2001). One of the most famous sentences in Aristotles Rhetoric is the first one: Rhetoric is a counterpart (antistrophos) of dialectic.Etymology: From the Greek, speech, conversation Pronunciation: die-eh-LEK-tik Examples and Observations Zeno the Stoic suggests that while dialectic is a closed fist, rhetoric is an open hand (Cicero, De Oratore 113). Dialectic is a thing of closed logic, of minor and major premises leading inexorably toward irrefutable conclusions. Rhetoric is a signal toward decisions in the spaces left open before and after logic.(Ruth CA Higgins, The Empty Eloquence of Fools: Rhetoric in Classical Greece. Rediscovering Rhetoric, ed. by J.T. Gleeson and Ruth CA Higgins. Federation Press, 2008)In the simplest form of Socratic dialectic, the questioner and respondent begin with a proposition or a stock question, such as What is courage? Then, through the process of dialectical interrogation, the questioner attempts to lead the respondent into contradiction. The Greek term for the contradiction that generally signals the end of a round of dialectic is aporia.(Janet M. Atwell, Rhetoric Reclaimed: Aristotle and the Liberal Arts Tradition. Cornell University  Press, 1998)Aristotle on Dialectic and Rheto ric- Aristotle took a different view of the relationship between rhetoric and dialectic from what Plato had taken. Both, for Aristotle, are universal verbal arts, not limited to any specific subject matter, by which one could generate discourse and demonstrations on any question that might arise. The demonstrations, or arguments, of dialectic, differ from those of rhetoric in that dialectic derives its arguments from premises (protaseis) founded on universal opinion and rhetoric from particular opinions.(Thomas M. Conley, Rhetoric in the European Tradition. Longman, 1990)- Dialectical method necessarily presupposes a conversation between two parties. An important consequence of this is that a dialectical process leaves room for discovery, or invention, in a way that apodeictic normally cannot, for the cooperative or antagonistic encounter tends to yield results unanticipated by either party to the discussion. Aristotle opposes  syllogistic to inductive argumentation  separately for dialectic and apodeictic, further specifying enthymeme and paradigm.(Hayden W. Ausland, Socratic Induction in Plato and Aristotle. The Development of Dialectic from Plato to Aristotle, ed. by Jakob Leth Fink. Cambridge University Press, 2012) Dialectic From Medieval to Modern Times- In medieval times, dialectic had achieved a new importance at the expense of rhetoric, which was reduced to a doctrine of elocutio and actio (delivery) after the study of inventio and dispositio had been moved from rhetoric to dialectic. With [Petrus] Ramus this development culminated in a strict separation between dialectic and rhetoric, rhetoric being devoted exclusively to style, and dialectic being incorporated in logic . . .. The division (which is still very much alive in present-day argumentation theory) then resulted in two separate and mutually isolated paradigms, each conforming to different conceptions of argumentation, which were considered incompatible. Within the humanities, rhetoric has become a field for scholars of communication, language, and literature while dialectic, which was incorporated in logic and the sciences, almost disappeared from sight with the further formalization of logic in the nineteenth century.(Frans H. va n Eemeren, Strategic Maneuvering in Argumentative Discourse: Extending the Pragma-Dialectical Theory of Argumentation. John Benjamins, 2010)- During the long interlude which started with the Scientific Revolution, dialectic virtually disappeared as a full-fledged discipline and was replaced by the search for a reliable scientific method and increasingly formalized logical systems. The art of debate did not give rise to any theoretical development, and references to Aristotles Topics quickly vanished from the intellectual scene. As to the art of persuasion, it was treated under the heading of rhetoric, which was devoted to the art of style and figures of speech. More recently, however, Aristotles dialectic, in close interaction with rhetoric, has inspired some important developments within the fields of argumentation theory and epistemology.(Marta Spranzi, The Art of Dialectic Between Dialogue and Rhetoric: The Aristotelian Tradition. John Benjamins, 2011) Hegelian DialecticThe word dialectic, as elaborated in the philosophy of Hegel [1770-1831], causes endless problems for people who are not German, and even for some who are. In a way, it is both a philosophical concept and a literary style. Derived from the ancient Greek term for the art of debate, it indicates an argument that maneuvers between contradictory points. It mediates, to use a favorite Frankfurt School word. And it gravitates toward doubt, demonstrating the power of negative thinking, as Herbert Marcuse once put it. Such twists and turns come naturally in the German language, whose sentences are themselves plotted in swerves, releasing their full meaning only with the final clinching action of the verb.(Alex Ross, The Naysayers. The New Yorker, September 15, 2014)Contemporary Theories of Rhetoric and Dialectic[Richard] Weaver (1970, 1985) believes that what he considers as the limitations of dialectic can be overcome (and its advantages maintained) through the use of rhet oric as a complement to dialectic. He defines rhetoric as truth plus its artful presentation, which means that it takes a dialectically secured position and shows its relationship to the world of prudential conduct (Foss, Foss, Trapp, 1985, p. 56). In his view, rhetoric supplements the knowledge gained through dialectic with a consideration of the character and situation of the audience. A sound rhetoric presupposes dialectic, bringing action to understanding. [Ernesto] Grassi (1980) aims to return to the definition of rhetoric espoused by the Italian Humanists to give rhetoric a new relevance for contemporary times, making use of the concept of ingenium- recognizing similarities- to grasp our ability to distinguish relationships and make connections. Returning to the ancient valuing of rhetoric as an art fundamental to human existence, Grassi identifies rhetoric with the power of language and human speech to generate a basis for human thought. For Grassi, the scope of rhetoric is much broader than argumentative discourse. It is the basic process by which we know the world.(Frans H. van Eemeren, Strategic Maneuvering in Argumentative Discourse: Extending the Pragma-Dialectical Theory of Argumentation. John Benjamins, 2010)

Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence

Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence Beneficence and Non-maleficence are two interrelated concepts which consist of bringing no harm to others. Although the two are interrelated, there is a big difference between the two. Beneficence refers to the act of helping others whereas non-maleficence refers to not doing any harm. Therefore, the main difference between the two is that beneficence asks that you help others while non-maleficence asks that you do no harm to others to begin with. When you combine both concepts, the main point is that you must act selflessly in a way that will help the other individual and you must not act on your own beliefs. As mentioned before, beneficence refers to the actions that help others. In other words, these actions are done for the benefit of others. According to the UCSF school of medicine, â€Å"beneficence is an action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harm or to simply improve the situations of others† (Pantilat, 2008). The UCSF school of medicine also provides clinical applications in which they mention how physicians are â€Å"expected to refrain from causing harm, but they also have an obligation to help their patients† (Pantilat, 2008). It certainly seems confusing considering the fact that sometimes in order to provide care, patients can experience harm. UCSF also mentions that there is a difference between obligatory and ideal beneficence. UCSF mentions that there is a common confusion between ideal beneficence and obligatory beneficence. According to the UCSF school of medicine, â€Å"Ideal beneficence co mpromises extreme acts of generosity or attempts to benefit others on all possible occasions† (Pantilat, 2008). According to the UCSF, â€Å"physicians are not necessarily expected to live up to this broad definition of beneficence,† however they most certainly are required to promote the welfare of patients no matter what (Pantilat, 2008). Because of the knowledge that physicians possess, they are obligated to prevent and remove harm and â€Å"weigh and balance possible benefits against possible risk of an action† (Pantilat, 2008). Not only this but the UCSF expands on the definition of beneficence by saying this can also include â€Å"protecting and defending the rights of others, rescuing persons who are in danger, and helping individuals with disabilities† (Pantilat, 2008). The following are a few examples the UCSF provides in regard to beneficence: â€Å"resuscitating a drowning victim, providing vaccinations for the general population, or helping someone quit smoking† (Pantilat, 2008). Non-maleficence as defined earlier basically states that you must do no harm no matter what and refrain from providing â€Å"ineffective treatment or acting with malice toward patients† (Pantilat, 2008). UCSF makes a point to say that this principle offers little useful guidance because many times therapies or treatment provided by physicians can also have serious risks or consequences (Pantilat, 2008)). According to the UCSF, â€Å"physicians should not provide ineffective treatments to patients as these offer risk with no possibility of benefit and thus have a change of harming patients† (Pantilat, 2008). The school of medicine continues to say that, â€Å"In addition, physicians must not do anything that would purposely harm patients without the action being balanced by proportional benefit† (Pantilat, 2008). The reason UCSF says this is because they believe that many procedures and interventions can cause harm in relation to benefits and therefore, the physician must make sure to inform the patient of all risks prior to any procedures. And ultimately, the physician should not pressure the patient into having any procedure done and should solely allow the patient to decide based on the proper information provided to him or her. An example of non-maleficence is stopping any medication that is shown to be harmful or refusing to provide treatment to a patient which has not been proven to be effective in trials. Another example of non-maleficence is not encouraging someone to smoke when you know how harmful it can be.

Can Machines Know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Can Machines Know - Essay Example There are also several ways of citing what makes up knowledge, some of them are more or less â€Å"internalist† and some are also â€Å"externalist.† I would like to follow the internalist point of view which says that knowledge is a justified belief that requires the believer to be aware of the cognitive process of the given belief. If this is the case, internalism, then, requires consciousness in the justification of a belief. So if we ask whether a machine can achieve consciousness, for me, the answer is no. There are several notions in explaining the criteria of consciousness. For example, functionalism theory states that consciousness comes about when all the parts are put together in the right sort of a whole. However, I would like to believe that personal experience or ability to experience is important in determining consciousness along with the ability to think and interpret. To experience â€Å"experiencing† one needs the skill of perception and intelligence. While one may argue that a computer with sensors could function in this manner, the concept of human independence, feelings and ethics or moral capacity is missing in the whole process.

Operating System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating System - Essay Example It should be noted that computers cannot function and will become useless without it. The operating systems in our modern times function in order to accomplish three major goals which include hiding the details of the hardware through the establishment of abstraction, to assign the resources to specific processes, and to provide the user with an interface which is simple and easy to use for his benefits (Muhammad 2). Because of their design and task in computing devices, OS have been named as resource manager where the primary resource is the computer hardware including processors, storage, input/output devices, communication devices and data. As a resource manager, the operating system generally functions by "implementing the user interface, sharing hardware among users, allowing users to share data among themselves, preventing users from interfering with one another, scheduling resources among users, facilitating input/output, recovering from errors, accounting for resource usage, facilitating parallel operations, organizing data for secure and rapid access, and handling network communications" (Muhammad 4). One of the main purposes of an operating system is to allow its user to run his preferred... The rapid technological advancement which allows the evolution of OS also enabled the creation of different types of operating systems. It should be noted that a single operating system like Windows 2000 falls into many categories as experts are able to lump the characteristics and features of these OS into one comprehensive type. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a huge development to the rather plain text boards that are features of early computers. The GUI is an OS which contains graphics allowing users to interact with computing devices usually through a mouse by the graphical icons and visual indicators. On the other hand, the multiple-user OS allows the use of computers by two or more individuals at the same time or different times. Individuals sharing the same computer benefits from this by keeping their privacy through their different accounts. Thus, their documents are hidden and are kept from each other. Multitasking OS denotes those which are capable of running two or more different software at the same time on the same machine. For example, Windows 2000 can run Internet Explorer and open Microsoft Word at the same also allowing the user to do multiple tasks in the computing device. Lastly, multithreading allows are those which allow different parts of individual or more software to run concurrently while multiprocessing is an OS which allows two or more computer processor. Works Cited Muhammad, Rashid. Operating System. N.d. 10 September 2008 Operating System. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 2008. 10 September 2008

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Example for Free

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Sun flower shop is a small flower shop at Petaling Street. The shop has got 500 square feet big only. I have got sell many flower such as sun flowers, orchid, rose, lily, daisy and etc. Then, our shop also has delivery service for customer too. Almost our flower is from Cameron highland but some is imported from oversea. I was started this business since last year December. The beginning of the business is not very good. It is very hard to preserve the business. Sometimes, I may get one or two business in a day and I was carried all the flower to the garden or in front of shopping complex to ask couple buy the flowers from me. I will never forget the period of time memory. Even though, the sky is raining, I still holding the entire flower and ran to the mall. Last month was a busy month for me. I have been did a big promotion for those couple who came to buy flower during the valentine week, such as who has bought above 12 branch of roses will get free delivery service around KL area only , who bought above 24 branch of roses will get 10 % discount and so on. The most luck is i was hired a good helper. She is very good in designing and wrapping flowers. You give her some braches of the flowers and she will make her became a very wonderful bouquet of flowers. Many customers are praising her profusely on her technique of wrapping flower and they always will come back to my shop. So, I have been earned Rm 5000 for last month and I was really happy with it. After the promotion, this month my shop business becomes more stable. Now, I have got my regular customers and business. Besides that, I would like to share good news to you. Yesterday, a boy come to my shop and ordered to send 11 branch roses to his girl friend office for one month and he also order 500 branch roses and 100 lilies for his wedding event on next 2 months. I really get shock and happy to accept this order. Then, I also have been signed agreement with him and he also agreed to pay 50% deposit first. In addition, I also have accepted some order from wedding planner company and long term to provide flowers for them. Finally, I would like tell you my new plan. I have been planned to make my shop be bigger and extensive my business. Besides that, my helper also wants to join in our business. She will invest RM 15000 in our account. So I still holding 50% of the share, you are holding the 25 % of the share and she also is holding 25% of the share. I think end of this year, I will give you the bonus and very fast you can earn back your money. If you free, you are welcome to visit us at KL. I believe I will make the business bigger and I will create a website to our shop, so that people can order through internet.

Pain :: social issues

Pain He looks through the scope of his rifle, concentrating, looking. He feels pain, sorrow. A tear streams down his face and thinks to himself that this has to happen. He feels rage rush through him, that feeling that he gets when he forgets to take his medication. Josh is only fifteen. His father bought him this hunting rifle when he was twelve. He would remember those times when his father was drunk and would beat him mercilessly for hours on end. Such rage streams through in a steady flow. He doesn’t know why he is doing this, he can’t think, all he knows is the feeling in his head. The pain is so intense. He needs to relieve it, to allow his mind to feel the normal serenity again. He aims at the school yard, such small kids so innocent. They play together; the smiles and laughter are filling the air. One of them won’t go home tonight; the parents will feel the pain that once existed in him. Anger. He feels the tears start to come in a torrent. He holds the trigger tight. At this climax of pain, as the feeling comes to the point where he can’t live anymore, he squeezes the trigger. He feels the pain go through his finger into the rifle. The bullet soars with the pain. The relief is instant. The young child of only seven years old falls to the ground. Screams, pain, suffering, enters the lives of the people in the school yard. People duck and cry. As his anger subsides, he slowly lowers the rifle. The calm serenity enters his mind. He is his normal self again. In his room he places his rifle in his closet. He feels that he can eat and sleep now, and he slowly drifts into sleep. He dreams heavily. He knows they are around him, and that he will soon be caught. The police are having their suspicions. He wakes up, sweat engulfs his body, and the wave of fear slowly subsides. His father falls into the small room in their trailer. Drunk again and looking to hit someone. He knows what’s coming and feels that new wave of frustration. So many feelings, so many feelings. His father asks where he was that day, and he refuses to respond, which is followed by the usual beatings. No one is there to protect him, or to alleviate his pain. Pain :: social issues Pain He looks through the scope of his rifle, concentrating, looking. He feels pain, sorrow. A tear streams down his face and thinks to himself that this has to happen. He feels rage rush through him, that feeling that he gets when he forgets to take his medication. Josh is only fifteen. His father bought him this hunting rifle when he was twelve. He would remember those times when his father was drunk and would beat him mercilessly for hours on end. Such rage streams through in a steady flow. He doesn’t know why he is doing this, he can’t think, all he knows is the feeling in his head. The pain is so intense. He needs to relieve it, to allow his mind to feel the normal serenity again. He aims at the school yard, such small kids so innocent. They play together; the smiles and laughter are filling the air. One of them won’t go home tonight; the parents will feel the pain that once existed in him. Anger. He feels the tears start to come in a torrent. He holds the trigger tight. At this climax of pain, as the feeling comes to the point where he can’t live anymore, he squeezes the trigger. He feels the pain go through his finger into the rifle. The bullet soars with the pain. The relief is instant. The young child of only seven years old falls to the ground. Screams, pain, suffering, enters the lives of the people in the school yard. People duck and cry. As his anger subsides, he slowly lowers the rifle. The calm serenity enters his mind. He is his normal self again. In his room he places his rifle in his closet. He feels that he can eat and sleep now, and he slowly drifts into sleep. He dreams heavily. He knows they are around him, and that he will soon be caught. The police are having their suspicions. He wakes up, sweat engulfs his body, and the wave of fear slowly subsides. His father falls into the small room in their trailer. Drunk again and looking to hit someone. He knows what’s coming and feels that new wave of frustration. So many feelings, so many feelings. His father asks where he was that day, and he refuses to respond, which is followed by the usual beatings. No one is there to protect him, or to alleviate his pain.

How to make better decisions

The film â€Å"How to Make Better Decisions† was quite interesting. The beginning of the film highlighted how based on science, It shows that the decisions we make are bad. We assume that we have a strong awareness of our choices and the reason why we do certain things. I agree with that because every time I make a decision, I always think that I know what the outcome would be, but really I am only making a decision based on my emotions and I am only assuming to think the outcome will be great. When I was in high school, there was a pair of sneakers that I really wanted.These sneakers were about $100 and my mother thought I was crazy for wanting them. At that time In my life, I convinced myself that I should buy these sneakers because they were cute and I really wanted them. Looking back now, that was a very bad decision. I could have saved that money and used it for something else. The only reason why I wanted those shoes was simply because everyone in school wanted them, but only certain students could afford them. It was like I had to prove something by buying hose shoes, and I did not make a logical decision when purchasing them, I acted out on emotions.At that time In my life, my â€Å"grip on reality† was not as tight as I thought. I found It quite hilarious In the documentary, when Mathematician Garth Sunder spoke to the four men about how compatible they may be when finding a potential partner at the party. The four men Levi, John, Cal, and Chris were very brilliant, but they were all single because they do not know how to approach women. Sunder believed that he can help the four men find suitable girlfriends by using algebra equations. It was called the â€Å"Do I Stand a Chance with Her equation.Cal was told that he would have a 95% chance with the girl he liked because he was a â€Å"witty conversationalist† and he was much more attractive than the girl he Liked. Well after talking to the girl for not too long, It seemed as thou gh she was not the least bit interested in him. John was told that he had a 41% chance of finding someone compatible, but he seemed to be doing fine when talking to one of the women at the gathering. Chris was told that he would have a 43% chance, so he cited Just to be himself and be honest with the woman he was talking to and it seemed to work out well for him.The fourth guy from the group Levi did not want to follow the math equation, and he ended up not meeting or talking to anyone that night. I really found the math equation to be ridiculous. I still can't see how a math problem can determine if someone will like you or not. That is based on the individual. Like the saying goes â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. It was a bit shocking to see that Garth Sunder actually wrote a book that has an equation of every tricky situation that life has to offer.He believes that to come to a truly logical factor, the decisions must interact with Algebra. I searched for the b ook on Amazon and It Is called â€Å"Geek Logic: 50 Foolproof Equations For Everyday Life†. With a price of $2. 45 plus a $3. 99 shipping fee, I'm strongly considering purchasing this book. I'm not purchasing the book to help me with creating equations to assist me on decision making, but I'm interested to see how the equations are set up. I'm sure out of curiosity I am going to try and use one of those equations just to see if it sakes me make decisions rationally. He marketplace. He gave many of the people options to either keep the twenty pounds or gamble for the other thirty pounds in hopes of walking away with fifty pounds, or to Just keep a portion of the money without gambling for the extra thirty pounds. The risk takers were the one who decided to gamble, while the ones who are not risk takers simple opted out of gambling and decided to walk away with the money they already had. I am a risk taker and if I was in that situation, I would definitely gamble for the extra thirty pounds.I would first convince myself that I'm not really losing anything even if I don't win the extra thirty pounds. If I had not come into the market place then I would not have even had the opportunity to try and gamble for the money. Even if I did not win the fifty pounds, I'm still leaving with the same amount of money that I came in with. I felt sympathetic towards the woman in the video who had the brain damage that affected her frontal lope. Tasks such as remembering to take her medicine or simply going to the grocery store can be very difficult for her.With our frontal lopes being the largest part of our brain and also playing a role in how we reason and make decisions, I can see how it may be difficult to have that part of the brain destroyed. The test with the warm and hot cup that was done by the Yale University students was quite fascinating. The students who held the warm cup had a much more positive response when asked if they would hire the young man as Projec t Manager whereas the students who held the cold cup all stated that they would not hire him. I see this same behavior with myself everyday!One the days that I am able to grab myself a nice cup of hot coffee in the morning, I tend to be in a very good mood at work. The warm feeling that the coffee gives me, puts me in a very good mood and for some strange reason I feel very determined to get my work done. Then on the days that I may be running late to work and cannot stop to get a cup of coffee, I will go to the vending machine in my office building and grab a soda. After the first sip I stats to get cold and irritated. I start wishing that I was home in bed instead of being at work.I find myself sighing a lot and constantly looking at the clock and waiting for my lunch break to run to the nearest Way for a warm drink. I believe I watched that part of the film three or four times. The first two times I watched it I said to myself â€Å"Oh my gosh! That is so me! † I truly enj oyed watching this documentary and I believe it was a great film. Although it may not be 100% accurate, some of the ways we make decisions are influenced by our emotions. I would have never thought that a simple beverage can really change my mood, or affect how I choose to go through my work day.

A Chip of Glass Ruby Responses

A Chip Of Glass Ruby Written Responses 11. I would describe Bamjee as aloof and proud. Aloof because he doesn’t show his emotions very much or say how he’s feeling or talk to his stepchildren very much. Showing his true feelings only this one time, Bamjee reveals his opinions when the police come to arrest his wife for participating in and promoting a cause that he is opposed to. Before and after that outburst of his though he really is rather distant and detached from his family and what’s going on.As aloof as Bamjee is, he is also quite proud. He is proud that wealthy and influential people are coming and going through his house, but he is even more proud of his ethnicity. He is proud because he is Indian which means he is of a higher social status than the Bantu. 12. When Mrs. Bamjee was taken away by the police she reminded Bamjee about Ismail’s, Mrs. Bamjee’s daughter Girlie’s fiance’s, engagement party.This shows that even in the midst of the arrest she keeps her cool and remains the good and normal wife that Bamjee fell in love with by reminding him of something as insignificant as an engagement party. Protesting and promoting equality, she is still a simple Indian woman who wants the best for her family and to respect the values of others (in this case, making sure not to offend Ismail by not showing up to his party). 13. In South Africa the social classes are prominent barricades from equality in the country.Having the highest social status, the whites remain the most powerful while the Indians, like Bamjee, are below them and even lower are the Bantu, the native people of South Africa. Bamjee considers himself better than the Bantu and this is showed in the story when he snaps at her â€Å"There you are! That’s what you’ve got for it. † ‘It’ referring to her helping organize the protests and getting involved in the issues of the Bantu. Another part of the story that dem onstrates Bamjee’s belief of his superiority over the Bantu is after Mrs.Bamjee has been arrested and gone for two weeks. Bamjee is talking to himself out of rage saying â€Å"For a crowd of natives who’ll smash our shops and kill us in our houses when their time comes. †, â€Å"She will starve herself to death. †, â€Å"She will die there. †, â€Å"Devils who will burn and kill us. † Clearly he believes that his wife must not be acting so ridiculous for people she is better than and clearly he believes the Bantu to be devilish creatures.

3 Steps to Finding Your Dream Job

3 Steps to Finding Your Dream Job We talk a lot about combing job posts, grooming your resume, and sharpening your interview skills. These are definitely important techniques, but they may not be worth all the stress if you’re not also taking a look at yourself and your future to decide what you really want to be when you grow up. Here are some tips on how to find not just a job for you, but  the job for you.1. Know YourselfWhat do you actually want? What do you like doing? What is your largest priority in finding a workplace? Is it the day-to-day responsibilities that need to feel most meaningful? The flexibility it allows you to have in your home life? These priorities can change over time, of course, but it’s important to take a really honest look at yourself before you get started.Ask yourself these questions:What would you be doing if money wasn’t an option?What industries would allow you to involve that skill or field in your day to day work?Do you like working closely and collaboratively with others?Do you prefer autonomy and independence?How interested are you in management opportunities?Do you like the set of skills you’ve currently amassed or do you need to pursue new, more exciting areas of learning?2. Model SuccessYou know how geese migrate with the seasons, flying in those characteristic V patterns? They do that to share the burden of flying right in the face of the wind.  It is okay to be the second goose in the V. Really.The real-life translation of this avian metaphor is simply, find someone who’s doing what you want to do be doing. Learn from them. Ask about the challenges they’ve faced and the lessons they’ve learned as they overcame them. See if they’re actually as happy in their current situation as you imagine they are from the outside.I have a mentor who’s doing exactly the kind of work I thought I always wanted to be doing- but once I saw how much effort she put in and how little that work was valued by he r colleagues or her supervisors, I decided to change course, keep my eggs in multiple baskets, and make sure I had a fall-back plan in case all that effort started to feel like it wasn’t well spent on my chosen career path.3. Find 2-3 Companies that Amaze YouThis is what my mom did when she went back to work after staying home with my little brother. She’d had a few years of clerk and paralegal work when I was very young, then she’d taken that time away. When it was time to make her way back into the workforce, she started by researching local companies with openings that shared values with the government agency where she really wanted to land. Picking out immediate places to apply based on long-term priorities helped her get started in a large corporate office and bring her computer and legal knowledge up to speed, making her  a shoo-in when she finally saw an opening at her ideal job.Now she’s been there for nearly 20 years. The advice she always give s me, and I hate hearing, is to look for places where you want to work and get on their radar before they’re searching for applicants. As soon as that job posting goes up, you could have hundreds of other resumes to compete with; get in there for an informational interview or on a word-of-mouth referral, and you’re going to stand out.The Secret To Discovering Your Dream JobRead More at Careerealism

Disaster Preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Disaster Preparedness - Essay Example As for the mitigation, the best activity is to have policies and laws necessitating mandatory disaster prevention mechanisms in institutions, companies and organizations (Bradley, 2011). In every county all over the country, the above mentioned activities should be ensured. Training of all the people or at least majority of the people in a country (this is manageable as a country does not have many people and they know each other) on how to respond to different types of disasters is necessary. As a mitigation activity, this should be accompanied by a local law making it compulsory for everybody in that county to be trained so that they can know how to prevent disasters and deal with them in case they are natural. Ambulances (several of them) should be available in the county and situated in various locations that have easier access to all parts of the county and they should be well equipped and fuelled at all times so that in case of disaster, they are ready to move. Lastly, there should be several trained counselors even if they have other careers so that in case of any disaster, they can be called upon to exercise the counseling duties to a lot of people over a period of time. 2. When there is no response action (like an EOC activation), the public usually thinks that emergency managers are doing very little. However, this is not the case. Preparedness actions are always ongoing: preparing a plan, training to the plan, and exercising the plan. Explain how this will help a community in the long run? Ongoing preparedness plans have several advantages to the community in the long run. One of these is the fact that people do not have to rush once a disaster occurs. In most cases, once a disaster occurs, people make rush decisions, look up onto authorities adding pressure to them and laying blame on them and the outcome of this is a slow response, mangled recovery and even a lot of loss of life and property which would otherwise have been

What is the role of a public administrator Essay

What is the role of a public administrator - Essay Example During colonial times the public servants were only known as implementers of policies. They collected taxes, maintained law and order and public infrastructure. As times have changed governments have realized developmental face of the public administration can no longer be shredded solely into private shoulders. The economic growth and general readiness of the population comes from the active participation of public services in the developmental fields. PA's are working in diverse fields like education, transportation, postal services, agricultural awareness, public private partnerships etc. This new dimension has added additional responsibilities of treating the citizens as customers. Customers/Citizens understanding of the roles of a PA is with reference to their own standing. Citizen as a customer of service offerings would expect polite and on time delivery of the service. Analyzing from a tax - payer point of view, customers expect good infrastructure, security, educational initiatives etc, which in turn will affect their standard of living. The specific functional role of a PA may be a police personnel, magistrate, administrative officer etc. The general awareness all these roles require is that, customers assess them from their viewpoint, which means, meeting their expectations is the bare minimum to pass the test of common good. Due to the changes in the world economy PA's are faced with competitive situa

D4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D4 - Essay Example The teacher should show the children how to illustrate what they have learned by comparison, counting and measuring by incorporating in charts, diagrams and graphs. The children should be allowed to display, organize and label the photos or drawings of what they learned in the field. They should also be supplied with clay, wires, assorted boxes and fabric for them to display or represent their findings and ideas. The teacher should also help the children to learn and understand the mistakes they did as they are representing their ideas. Lastly, for being a teacher to encourage his children in the ways to represent their ideas; He or she should teach the children finger plays and songs that are related to what they are being taught. Music instruments should be should be used so that the children will remake the sounds they heard in the field. There are several materials which are supposed to be in the learning environment in order to improve the learning and representation of the children. The most important one is caring teacher; he will make the environment to be more wonderful for the development of children. The teacher should make sure that there are many materials in the class which will be used in many ways in the class for instance there should be blocks of all sizes, fabric materials and art materials. Also there should be enough space for children to actively play thus improves their talents and skills. There should be structures or materials that will be used by children to practice their new experiences. The learning environment should be well decorated and colored because it supports several activities in the class and they also give the desired change and variety in developing moods in the classroom. Flexible equipment’s and materials are essential in a learning environment , for instance children will use play dough

Interpreting a Factor Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpreting a Factor Analysis - Essay Example This low education affects their ability to either secure any or a well-paying job (Vijayakumar, 2013). Furthermore, the younger generations have lower job skills and work experience compared to the older persons. Due to their limited access to work/ well paying work, young people are more prone to poverty and, consequently, higher financial dependency (Gupta, 2007). These two studies successfully demonstrate that there is a relationship between age and dependency – the higher the age, the lower the level of dependency. Based on these findings, I seek to investigate whether this hypothetical relationship between age and financial dependency is valid for the data at hand. The following hypothesis is investigated: That implies that, for this study, higher levels of dependency are expected to correspond to lower ages. A bivariate correlation analysis was run in the SPSS using the computed value for â€Å"dependency† and age. The test was run at the 5% level of significance. The findings are contained in the following section. The average ages of the 1146 participants is 32.4 years (Std. dev. = 11.25), while the average dependency score is 14.25 (Std. dev. = 4.56). The correlation between the ages of participants and dependency is -0.107 (p The findings of this study fall in line with the findings of both Gupta (2007) and Vijavakumar (2013) which established the existence of significant correlations between the ages and dependency levels of participants. This confirms validity of the â€Å"dependency† scale. Since the relationship between age and dependency is inverse (negative correlation coefficient), and having confirmed the validity of the dependency scale, we conclude that the older generations have relatively lower levels of financial dependency, while the younger individuals have relatively higher levels of financial

Current phase of economic growth in singapore nitin raj

Current phase of economic growth in singapore nitin raj CURRENT PHASE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SINGAPORE NITIN RAJ Introduction The international economy has experienced fundamental changes during last two or so decades. Economic activity is becoming not only more internationalised but also meaningfully, it is becoming globalised in a world of complexity, interconnectedness and mobility. Today we live in a rapidly changing and increasing competitive world of globalisation. This report is brief analysis about the economic growth of Singapore (republic of Singapore) and stumble of it while recession. Singapore, an island in southern Asia is highly acclaimed global market friendly economy, major contribution of which is manufacturing of electronics. Being one of the busiest ports it is the fourth largest economy foreign exchange centre. This report will play particular attention to: Evaluation of current phase of economic growth in Singapore. Factors contributing current phase of growth/contraction in economy. Discussion on some methods of managing the economy by the Government. Singapore has successful free market economy with strong market economy with strong service and manufacturing sectors. It has one of the highest per capita gross domestic product in the world. Singapores location on major sea lanes and its industrious population have made important hub for south-east Asia region. Singapores small population, external market dependency and suppliers have pushed it towards economic openness free trade and free markets. Effective government policies have been key reason in Singapores historically strong economic performance. Singapores economic growth To know about GDP, first we have to know that what this term actually is, GDP is gross domestic product, which means, The total value of goods and services produced within a countrys borders during a fixed period, usually one year, obtained by adding the value contributed by each sector of the economy .you can think of it as the size of the economy. EVOLUTION OF ECONOMY OVER LAST TWENTY YEARS Figure 1 (Source: International monetary fund- 2009 world economic outlook) TABLE 1 YEAR GDP PER CAPITA % CHANGE 1989 15621.62 10.86% 1990 17044.27 9.11% 1991 18277.45 7.24% 1992 19308.1 5.64% 1993 21486.89 11.28% 1994 23735.75 10.47% 1995 25421.68 7.10% 1996 26811.78 5.47% 1997 28585.21 6.61% 1998 27557.65 -3.59% 1999 29738.55 7.91% 2000 32864.45 10.51% 2001 31936.05 -2.82% 2002 33478.7 4.83% 2003 36016.97 7.58% 2004 40179.48 11.56% 2005 43754.29 8.90% 2006 47444.57 8.43% 2007 50447.62 6.33% 2008 51226.03 1.54% 2009 49433.48 -3.50% Singaporean GDP is at a good state as of late. Its per capita GDP is among highest in world. There has been a steady rate of growth in last five financial years. GDP in year2003 2.02 % 2004 1.10% 20058.10% 20066.40% 20077.90% 20087.50% The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore reduced at an annual rate of 2.80% in the last quarter of December 2009. Singapore Gross Domestic Product is worth 182 billion dollars or 0.29% of the world economy, as per the reports of World Bank. Unemployment Rates The unemployment rate in Singapore was 2.10 percent in December of 2009. Country Interest Rate Growth Rate Inflation Rate Jobless Rate Current Account Exchange Rate Singapore 0.02% -2.80% 0.20% 2.10% 8324 1.4018 Year Mar Jun Sep Dec 2009 3.30 3.30 3.40 2.10 2008 1.90 2.20 2.30 2.50 2007 2.80 2.30 1.70 1.70 Singapore has enjoyed virtually full employment for long periods of time. In tandem with the global economic crisis and the economys contraction, unemployment as of end-June 2009 rose to 3.3% and resident unemployment reached 4.6%. The inflation rate in Singapore was 0.20 percent in January of 2010 Country Interest Rate Growth Rate Inflation Rate Jobless Rate Current Account Exchange Rate Singapore 0.02% -2.80% 0.20% 2.10% 8324 1.4018 Year Jan Mar Jun Sep Dec 2010 0.20 2009 4.30 2.60 0.00 -0.50 -0.50 2008 6.60 6.70 7.50 6.70 5.50 2007 -0.60 0.20 1.70 3.00 3.70 Business cycle The five stages of the business cycle are growth, peak, recession, trough and recovery. In starting year of Singapores economy, its growing with faster rate and from year 2003 up to 5 years it reaches to peak, and after some years it starts declining and now it is in trough stage, now it should try some new methods to grow up, and recover its economic level. Factors contributing current phase of economy are as follows Contraction: Recession: Singapore is the first Asian economy to enter in recession. Recession is directly phasing to unemployment, it increased 3% in year 2009. Singapores economy is heavily dependent on export activities and its going down up to 18% International trade is also going down to 3.2% Causes for economic development of Singapore: A foremost reason is increasing demand of electronic products all over the world. The construction sector is also helping the economy to grow and survive in the market. It expands its hands up to 16.4% Government strategies and tactics are also playing crucial role in economic development for this south East Asian country. We can conclude that in some sector economy gets into contraction and the main factor which helped in contraction is recession. Due to recession tourism industry effected, unemployment increased, and its export also got down. In some sector, still some growth is there, like demand for electronic products, pharmaceuticals, educational sector all helped Singapore to grow lot. But in current phase Singapore is going in contraction, in almost every sector of economy. Flow of income The terms circular flow of income refer to an economic model which explains the reciprocal circulation of income in between producers and consumers. The methods to manage the economy are: First method is to reduce the unemployment rate as in December 2009 the unemployment rate is 2.10% and due to high worldwide recession it is continuously increasing. Due to unemployment, tourism sector is being effected, and also the service sector as people are jobless. Government is trying to match the perfect level of employment, as in 2010 worlds first youth Olympic is going to be held in Singapore, so tourism sector will b get effected by this, Singapore government is opening two large base royal casinos to attract tourism, this can also help in reducing unemployment. Second method can be price cut, as 60% firms in Singapore are owned by government, so it can cut the prices, by cutting down its manufacturing cost, the cost has to be reduced in recovery stage, then it can use new techniques which can help in reducing wastage, government should reduce taxes also on some products like medicines, education, tourism sector, communication sector, all this will help to get recover from recession stage. Public sector debt : Debt is the total amount of money that a country (or company) owes. In January 2010, there was net borrowing of  £4.3 billion, which compares with net borrowing of - £5.3 billion (net lending) in January 2009. The PBR forecast for 2009/10 is net borrowing of  £178 billion. Public sector net debt, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), was 59.9 per cent at the end of January 2010 compared with 50.0 per cent at end of January 2009. Net debt was  £848.5 billion at the end of January compared with  £708.0 billion a year earlier. Public sector deficit: Deficit is in simple words expenditure over revenue, a situation in which liabilities exceed assets, expenditures exceed income, imports exceed exports, or losses exceed profits. Singapore recorded a general government deficit of S$4054 Million in Jan/10 that is of 14% of GDP as compared to previous period S$4017 million .Due to worldwide recession Singapore also has to bear this public sector deficit. Significance of these figures: Government borrows loan and money for the sake of people only, it want to increase the production by cutting taxes , want to reduce unemployment and start new projects so that people can get jobs. By starting new projects government wants to increase the standard of living of people, and their purchasing power. Conclusion Singaporeone of the four tigers of Asia (others are Honkong, Taiwan and South Korea) has a highly developed and successful open-market economy. Few years back it had a GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Its economy recovered by 2006 from the global recession in 2001 but again the GDP of Singapore economy declined and its a prediction by various economist it will decrease at a rate of 2.8% in year 2010, but some predictions say just opposite of it as per promises done by the government it will increase at rate of 3 to 5 percent and according, as far as I studied about Singapores economy, it is now in a trough stage of business cycle, that is fourth stage, now its time for recovery, the last stage of business cycle, so it has to grow up now, by cutting prices or by reducing unemployment rate. Tourism in Singapore has also a vital role. After a big loss it has started growing smoothly. Worlds first youth Olympic game is going to be held in Singapore; hopefully it will promote the tourism sector. Employment will also groom this year. Two casinos are also going to start this year, which can help it in increasing tourism,. The global recession seems to coming at its end so the European countries and United States will soon regain their importing capabilities which will help Singapore to re establish its development back again. Singapore had suffered a lot. Till last year they worked on saving jobs. Now as the market conditions have improved job qualities are taken into consideration. Improvement in world business, rise of Singapore manufacturing, export, tourism, government commitment has shown good signs and it is believed that this small island will soon achieve its lost growth.

Death of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy Essay -- Death Salesman

Death of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy Though a more modern version of tragedy in its’ classical sense, Death of a Salesman in many ways is very much like an ancient Greek play. In his ‘Poetics’ Aristotle tries to set out the common ideas throughout tragedy, attempting to demystify the necessary elements for such plays. One of his main ideas was that of the ‘Three Unities’ - that of Space, that of Time and that of Action. He stated that all the action of a tragedy must occur in the place, which was often the front of a palace, which allowed the poet to have many characters coming and going, and allowed random meetings to occur easily, rather than having to ‘explain’ the reason why any meeting should occur. It was, however, possible for the poet to bring in events occurring in other places through the use of messengers, who could talk about the events without the audience seeing them. All the action would have to unfold in one day, and must be played out in ‘real time’ - the time would pass as fast for the characters in the play as for the actors and the audience watching. This prevented the use of act and scene breaks, as time could not jump forward, it had to pass normally. Again references to the past often came in the form of speech from characters whom often had not been seen for a very long time, such as the shepherd in Oedipus Rex who explains how he had come by Oedipus as a baby whilst attending his flock. The entire play had to revolve around a single plot, and subplots, such as you see in many of Shakespeare’s comedies, were not allowed. Aristotle reasoned that if there were other plots interfering with and infringing upon the main plot we could not concentrate entirely on Antigony’s plight, ... ...ccept his refusal to act rationally. An audience can accept that ‘true’ tragic heroes are often irrational, and driven by very different feelings from those of normal human beings, but in the end, Willy Loman does not evoke tragic emotion because he is, simply, a dime a dozen. Works Cited and Consulted Aristotle. Poetics. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. New York: Norton, 1994. Costello, Donald P. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s Circles of Responsibility: A View From a Bridge and Beyond.† Modern Drama. 36 (1993): 443-453 Florio, Thomas A., ed. â€Å"Miller’s Tales.† The New Yorker. 70 (1994): 35-36. Martin, Robert A., ed. Arthur Miller. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Viking, 1965.

Influence contrasting economic environments Essay

Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. There are two very important economic environments that effect Tesco, economic growth and the recession. An economic growth will be good for Tesco as business will be booming, more goods are being produced and profits are increasing. When this happens Tesco becomes a very high profit business and invest in new products or stores which can lead to Tesco being more profitable business wise. Profits are increased during economic growth as customers want more products; they have the money to spend and choose to spend it in Tesco’s. This leads to a much higher product demand, which affects the primary sector – farmers. Farmers will need more animals and more farm hands effectively as they are producing for a large company and if the demands aren’t met they will lose business. For example during an economic boom people tend to buy luxuries as they have the spare money to spend, so a customer instead of buying a ready meal might decide they will have a steak instead and there could be a large amount of Tesco’s customers with the same thought process, this will in turn mean that Tesco will order a large amount of steak’s from the farmers and if they can’t supply this they will lose Tesco’s business and also Tesco won’t be able to meet its customer demands and could also lose business. People will also stop buying Tesco value products such as cereal, canned goods and start buying branded names as they can afford it and we are a brand loving country which means that Te sco generate more money as people are buying the much more expensive goods. In 2011/2012 Tesco had a reasonable growth in profit even in a challenging economic environment, Tesco’s sales increased by 7.4% to  £72 billion. Tesco however did not make the profit that they would have liked they were running their business in a very challengeable time during 2011/2012 as the recession is still very much taking over the economy, they managed to survive by offering their customers Tesco value products at next to nothing prices which were bought a lot more due to their cheap prices offering more competition for companies such as Lidl. During a difficult economic climate consumers cut down on spending in an attempt to try and save money as the cost of living increases but wages don’t. This means that Tesco would have cut down on orders to manufacturers for example the steaks, no one would have been buying them and they may have cut their order from 1000 to 400 for example. The current interest rates can  also effect a company like Tesco because if they borrow a loan from the bank then if the interest rates are high then Tesco will end up paying back more money than the original borrowed amount, however if they are lower than it would be the best time for Tesco to borrow if they need to because although they will still be paying back more than what they borrowed however it will be a much lower amount. Inflation rates can also present problems as they decrease and increase over time; if the rate of inflation is high the Tesco will increase their prices to compensate for the rise however this will decrease their sales because customers won’t be willing to pay the higher prices. GDP (Gross National Product) is the market value of all goods and services over a certain period of time if the GDP increases by 3% it means that the economy has grown by 3%, this has an impact on everyone in the economy because it affects the stock market which is somethi ng that any potential investor will take into consideration before they invest. Tesco will see wage increase in a healthy economy and higher profits as Tesco’s products have a demand increase. Cancer Research UK will have struggled during the recession and current times as people are cutting down on spending and unlike Tesco Cancer Research are selling things that yes people need, however their products aren’t essential therefore they will be losing lots of money and may have to cut down money on research and support. They have a much smaller budget that has to be spent carefully in order to prevent a negative impact on the business; recently Cancer Research has not had the funding to research into new types of cancer and develop knowledge as they have had such little funding. During an economic boom however Cancer Research will hopefully make plenty of money to fund research and support as people will have more money to spend on clothes and shoes. They are able to offer a lot more support and can do extensive research into new kinds of cancer as t hey have the funding. Inflation can affect a business like Cancer Research UK but not as much because they don’t buy in their stock it’s all donated by customers, however they may slightly increase their prices which in such a difficult economic climate is something that they desperately want to avoid. GDP will affect Cancer Research because they may see an increase in customers if the GDP was low because typically there are high rates of unemployment at times like that and people still need clothes to wear and rather than pay high street prices people with go to the  charity shops and buy cheaper second hand clothes. However if the GDP increased then Cancer Research may see a decline the their sales and customers because there are high levels of employment during a high GDP and people with have more money to spend on high street trends.

Plant #2

1) Using budget data, 176,087 iPhone 4’s must be completed on a monthly basis in order for Danshui Plant No. 2 to break even. The first step is to calculate the contribution margin which is equal to the budgeted revenue, $41,240,000, minus the variable costs, $40,412,000, which gives us a contribution margin of $828,000. If we divide this number by the number of units, 200,000, we find the contribution margin per unit to be $4. 14. Now, all we need are the fixed costs, which are budgeted as $729,000 per month. Plugging these values into the break-even point formula we find BEP=729,000/4. 14=176,087 units. ) Using budget data, the total expected cost per unit is $205. 70 and the actual cost per unit is $211. 94. Since manufacturing and shipping are both taken into account we need to focus on both variable and fixed costs. To find the total expected cost per unit we must add the budgeted variable costs, $40,411,000, and add them to the budgeted fixed costs, $729,000, and divide the sum of these numbers by 200,000 units. This gives the result of $205. 70 expected cost per unit. To find the actual cost per unit the process is the same except we use the data from the actual column in exhibit three.So we have the variable costs at $37,412,000, add the fixed costs of $736,000 to this number, then divide by the number of units, 180,000, and we find the actual total cost per unit to be $211. 94. 3) In order to prepare a flexible budget for 180,000 iPhone 4’s you can either use exhibit 1 and values and multiply them by the number of units, 180,000, or you can do what I did, which is take the values in the monthly budged section of exhibit 3 and multiply them by 9/10 which is the simplification of 180,000/200,000.Here are all the values I calculated: Revenue:$37,116,000 Flash Memory:$4,860,000 Application Process:$1,935,000 Chips-Phone:$2,529,000 Gyroscope:$468,000 8 Other Chips:$12,771,000 Total Variable Costs From Materials:$22,563,000 Variable Supplies an d Tools Labor:$11,256,300 Assembly and Packing:$2,359,800 Shipping:$190,800 Total Variable Costs:$36,369,900 Factory Rent:$400,000 Machine Depreciation:$150,000 Utility Fee and Taxes:$52,000 Supervision:$127,000 Total Fixed Costs:$729,000 Total Costs:$37,098,900 Net Income:$17,100.The variance for each respective value (in order) is to be indicated by an H or L. H meaning that the actual value is higher than the flexible budget value, and L meaning that the actual value is lower than the flexible budget value. The variances are 0 units, $360,000H, $389,000H, 0, 0, 0, $128,000L, $261,000H, $48,700H, $732,200H, $200H, $1,042,100H, 0, 0, 0, $7,000H, $7,000H, $1,049,100H, $689,100L.