D4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D4 - Essay Example The teacher should show the children how to illustrate what they have learned by comparison, counting and measuring by incorporating in charts, diagrams and graphs. The children should be allowed to display, organize and label the photos or drawings of what they learned in the field. They should also be supplied with clay, wires, assorted boxes and fabric for them to display or represent their findings and ideas. The teacher should also help the children to learn and understand the mistakes they did as they are representing their ideas. Lastly, for being a teacher to encourage his children in the ways to represent their ideas; He or she should teach the children finger plays and songs that are related to what they are being taught. Music instruments should be should be used so that the children will remake the sounds they heard in the field. There are several materials which are supposed to be in the learning environment in order to improve the learning and representation of the children. The most important one is caring teacher; he will make the environment to be more wonderful for the development of children. The teacher should make sure that there are many materials in the class which will be used in many ways in the class for instance there should be blocks of all sizes, fabric materials and art materials. Also there should be enough space for children to actively play thus improves their talents and skills. There should be structures or materials that will be used by children to practice their new experiences. The learning environment should be well decorated and colored because it supports several activities in the class and they also give the desired change and variety in developing moods in the classroom. Flexible equipment’s and materials are essential in a learning environment , for instance children will use play dough

Interpreting a Factor Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpreting a Factor Analysis - Essay Example This low education affects their ability to either secure any or a well-paying job (Vijayakumar, 2013). Furthermore, the younger generations have lower job skills and work experience compared to the older persons. Due to their limited access to work/ well paying work, young people are more prone to poverty and, consequently, higher financial dependency (Gupta, 2007). These two studies successfully demonstrate that there is a relationship between age and dependency – the higher the age, the lower the level of dependency. Based on these findings, I seek to investigate whether this hypothetical relationship between age and financial dependency is valid for the data at hand. The following hypothesis is investigated: That implies that, for this study, higher levels of dependency are expected to correspond to lower ages. A bivariate correlation analysis was run in the SPSS using the computed value for â€Å"dependency† and age. The test was run at the 5% level of significance. The findings are contained in the following section. The average ages of the 1146 participants is 32.4 years (Std. dev. = 11.25), while the average dependency score is 14.25 (Std. dev. = 4.56). The correlation between the ages of participants and dependency is -0.107 (p The findings of this study fall in line with the findings of both Gupta (2007) and Vijavakumar (2013) which established the existence of significant correlations between the ages and dependency levels of participants. This confirms validity of the â€Å"dependency† scale. Since the relationship between age and dependency is inverse (negative correlation coefficient), and having confirmed the validity of the dependency scale, we conclude that the older generations have relatively lower levels of financial dependency, while the younger individuals have relatively higher levels of financial

Current phase of economic growth in singapore nitin raj

Current phase of economic growth in singapore nitin raj CURRENT PHASE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SINGAPORE NITIN RAJ Introduction The international economy has experienced fundamental changes during last two or so decades. Economic activity is becoming not only more internationalised but also meaningfully, it is becoming globalised in a world of complexity, interconnectedness and mobility. Today we live in a rapidly changing and increasing competitive world of globalisation. This report is brief analysis about the economic growth of Singapore (republic of Singapore) and stumble of it while recession. Singapore, an island in southern Asia is highly acclaimed global market friendly economy, major contribution of which is manufacturing of electronics. Being one of the busiest ports it is the fourth largest economy foreign exchange centre. This report will play particular attention to: Evaluation of current phase of economic growth in Singapore. Factors contributing current phase of growth/contraction in economy. Discussion on some methods of managing the economy by the Government. Singapore has successful free market economy with strong market economy with strong service and manufacturing sectors. It has one of the highest per capita gross domestic product in the world. Singapores location on major sea lanes and its industrious population have made important hub for south-east Asia region. Singapores small population, external market dependency and suppliers have pushed it towards economic openness free trade and free markets. Effective government policies have been key reason in Singapores historically strong economic performance. Singapores economic growth To know about GDP, first we have to know that what this term actually is, GDP is gross domestic product, which means, The total value of goods and services produced within a countrys borders during a fixed period, usually one year, obtained by adding the value contributed by each sector of the economy .you can think of it as the size of the economy. EVOLUTION OF ECONOMY OVER LAST TWENTY YEARS Figure 1 (Source: International monetary fund- 2009 world economic outlook) TABLE 1 YEAR GDP PER CAPITA % CHANGE 1989 15621.62 10.86% 1990 17044.27 9.11% 1991 18277.45 7.24% 1992 19308.1 5.64% 1993 21486.89 11.28% 1994 23735.75 10.47% 1995 25421.68 7.10% 1996 26811.78 5.47% 1997 28585.21 6.61% 1998 27557.65 -3.59% 1999 29738.55 7.91% 2000 32864.45 10.51% 2001 31936.05 -2.82% 2002 33478.7 4.83% 2003 36016.97 7.58% 2004 40179.48 11.56% 2005 43754.29 8.90% 2006 47444.57 8.43% 2007 50447.62 6.33% 2008 51226.03 1.54% 2009 49433.48 -3.50% Singaporean GDP is at a good state as of late. Its per capita GDP is among highest in world. There has been a steady rate of growth in last five financial years. GDP in year2003 2.02 % 2004 1.10% 20058.10% 20066.40% 20077.90% 20087.50% The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore reduced at an annual rate of 2.80% in the last quarter of December 2009. Singapore Gross Domestic Product is worth 182 billion dollars or 0.29% of the world economy, as per the reports of World Bank. Unemployment Rates The unemployment rate in Singapore was 2.10 percent in December of 2009. Country Interest Rate Growth Rate Inflation Rate Jobless Rate Current Account Exchange Rate Singapore 0.02% -2.80% 0.20% 2.10% 8324 1.4018 Year Mar Jun Sep Dec 2009 3.30 3.30 3.40 2.10 2008 1.90 2.20 2.30 2.50 2007 2.80 2.30 1.70 1.70 Singapore has enjoyed virtually full employment for long periods of time. In tandem with the global economic crisis and the economys contraction, unemployment as of end-June 2009 rose to 3.3% and resident unemployment reached 4.6%. The inflation rate in Singapore was 0.20 percent in January of 2010 Country Interest Rate Growth Rate Inflation Rate Jobless Rate Current Account Exchange Rate Singapore 0.02% -2.80% 0.20% 2.10% 8324 1.4018 Year Jan Mar Jun Sep Dec 2010 0.20 2009 4.30 2.60 0.00 -0.50 -0.50 2008 6.60 6.70 7.50 6.70 5.50 2007 -0.60 0.20 1.70 3.00 3.70 Business cycle The five stages of the business cycle are growth, peak, recession, trough and recovery. In starting year of Singapores economy, its growing with faster rate and from year 2003 up to 5 years it reaches to peak, and after some years it starts declining and now it is in trough stage, now it should try some new methods to grow up, and recover its economic level. Factors contributing current phase of economy are as follows Contraction: Recession: Singapore is the first Asian economy to enter in recession. Recession is directly phasing to unemployment, it increased 3% in year 2009. Singapores economy is heavily dependent on export activities and its going down up to 18% International trade is also going down to 3.2% Causes for economic development of Singapore: A foremost reason is increasing demand of electronic products all over the world. The construction sector is also helping the economy to grow and survive in the market. It expands its hands up to 16.4% Government strategies and tactics are also playing crucial role in economic development for this south East Asian country. We can conclude that in some sector economy gets into contraction and the main factor which helped in contraction is recession. Due to recession tourism industry effected, unemployment increased, and its export also got down. In some sector, still some growth is there, like demand for electronic products, pharmaceuticals, educational sector all helped Singapore to grow lot. But in current phase Singapore is going in contraction, in almost every sector of economy. Flow of income The terms circular flow of income refer to an economic model which explains the reciprocal circulation of income in between producers and consumers. The methods to manage the economy are: First method is to reduce the unemployment rate as in December 2009 the unemployment rate is 2.10% and due to high worldwide recession it is continuously increasing. Due to unemployment, tourism sector is being effected, and also the service sector as people are jobless. Government is trying to match the perfect level of employment, as in 2010 worlds first youth Olympic is going to be held in Singapore, so tourism sector will b get effected by this, Singapore government is opening two large base royal casinos to attract tourism, this can also help in reducing unemployment. Second method can be price cut, as 60% firms in Singapore are owned by government, so it can cut the prices, by cutting down its manufacturing cost, the cost has to be reduced in recovery stage, then it can use new techniques which can help in reducing wastage, government should reduce taxes also on some products like medicines, education, tourism sector, communication sector, all this will help to get recover from recession stage. Public sector debt : Debt is the total amount of money that a country (or company) owes. In January 2010, there was net borrowing of  £4.3 billion, which compares with net borrowing of - £5.3 billion (net lending) in January 2009. The PBR forecast for 2009/10 is net borrowing of  £178 billion. Public sector net debt, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), was 59.9 per cent at the end of January 2010 compared with 50.0 per cent at end of January 2009. Net debt was  £848.5 billion at the end of January compared with  £708.0 billion a year earlier. Public sector deficit: Deficit is in simple words expenditure over revenue, a situation in which liabilities exceed assets, expenditures exceed income, imports exceed exports, or losses exceed profits. Singapore recorded a general government deficit of S$4054 Million in Jan/10 that is of 14% of GDP as compared to previous period S$4017 million .Due to worldwide recession Singapore also has to bear this public sector deficit. Significance of these figures: Government borrows loan and money for the sake of people only, it want to increase the production by cutting taxes , want to reduce unemployment and start new projects so that people can get jobs. By starting new projects government wants to increase the standard of living of people, and their purchasing power. Conclusion Singaporeone of the four tigers of Asia (others are Honkong, Taiwan and South Korea) has a highly developed and successful open-market economy. Few years back it had a GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Its economy recovered by 2006 from the global recession in 2001 but again the GDP of Singapore economy declined and its a prediction by various economist it will decrease at a rate of 2.8% in year 2010, but some predictions say just opposite of it as per promises done by the government it will increase at rate of 3 to 5 percent and according, as far as I studied about Singapores economy, it is now in a trough stage of business cycle, that is fourth stage, now its time for recovery, the last stage of business cycle, so it has to grow up now, by cutting prices or by reducing unemployment rate. Tourism in Singapore has also a vital role. After a big loss it has started growing smoothly. Worlds first youth Olympic game is going to be held in Singapore; hopefully it will promote the tourism sector. Employment will also groom this year. Two casinos are also going to start this year, which can help it in increasing tourism,. The global recession seems to coming at its end so the European countries and United States will soon regain their importing capabilities which will help Singapore to re establish its development back again. Singapore had suffered a lot. Till last year they worked on saving jobs. Now as the market conditions have improved job qualities are taken into consideration. Improvement in world business, rise of Singapore manufacturing, export, tourism, government commitment has shown good signs and it is believed that this small island will soon achieve its lost growth.

Death of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy Essay -- Death Salesman

Death of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy Though a more modern version of tragedy in its’ classical sense, Death of a Salesman in many ways is very much like an ancient Greek play. In his ‘Poetics’ Aristotle tries to set out the common ideas throughout tragedy, attempting to demystify the necessary elements for such plays. One of his main ideas was that of the ‘Three Unities’ - that of Space, that of Time and that of Action. He stated that all the action of a tragedy must occur in the place, which was often the front of a palace, which allowed the poet to have many characters coming and going, and allowed random meetings to occur easily, rather than having to ‘explain’ the reason why any meeting should occur. It was, however, possible for the poet to bring in events occurring in other places through the use of messengers, who could talk about the events without the audience seeing them. All the action would have to unfold in one day, and must be played out in ‘real time’ - the time would pass as fast for the characters in the play as for the actors and the audience watching. This prevented the use of act and scene breaks, as time could not jump forward, it had to pass normally. Again references to the past often came in the form of speech from characters whom often had not been seen for a very long time, such as the shepherd in Oedipus Rex who explains how he had come by Oedipus as a baby whilst attending his flock. The entire play had to revolve around a single plot, and subplots, such as you see in many of Shakespeare’s comedies, were not allowed. Aristotle reasoned that if there were other plots interfering with and infringing upon the main plot we could not concentrate entirely on Antigony’s plight, ... ...ccept his refusal to act rationally. An audience can accept that ‘true’ tragic heroes are often irrational, and driven by very different feelings from those of normal human beings, but in the end, Willy Loman does not evoke tragic emotion because he is, simply, a dime a dozen. Works Cited and Consulted Aristotle. Poetics. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. New York: Norton, 1994. Costello, Donald P. â€Å"Arthur Miller’s Circles of Responsibility: A View From a Bridge and Beyond.† Modern Drama. 36 (1993): 443-453 Florio, Thomas A., ed. â€Å"Miller’s Tales.† The New Yorker. 70 (1994): 35-36. Martin, Robert A., ed. Arthur Miller. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Viking, 1965.

Influence contrasting economic environments Essay

Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. There are two very important economic environments that effect Tesco, economic growth and the recession. An economic growth will be good for Tesco as business will be booming, more goods are being produced and profits are increasing. When this happens Tesco becomes a very high profit business and invest in new products or stores which can lead to Tesco being more profitable business wise. Profits are increased during economic growth as customers want more products; they have the money to spend and choose to spend it in Tesco’s. This leads to a much higher product demand, which affects the primary sector – farmers. Farmers will need more animals and more farm hands effectively as they are producing for a large company and if the demands aren’t met they will lose business. For example during an economic boom people tend to buy luxuries as they have the spare money to spend, so a customer instead of buying a ready meal might decide they will have a steak instead and there could be a large amount of Tesco’s customers with the same thought process, this will in turn mean that Tesco will order a large amount of steak’s from the farmers and if they can’t supply this they will lose Tesco’s business and also Tesco won’t be able to meet its customer demands and could also lose business. People will also stop buying Tesco value products such as cereal, canned goods and start buying branded names as they can afford it and we are a brand loving country which means that Te sco generate more money as people are buying the much more expensive goods. In 2011/2012 Tesco had a reasonable growth in profit even in a challenging economic environment, Tesco’s sales increased by 7.4% to  £72 billion. Tesco however did not make the profit that they would have liked they were running their business in a very challengeable time during 2011/2012 as the recession is still very much taking over the economy, they managed to survive by offering their customers Tesco value products at next to nothing prices which were bought a lot more due to their cheap prices offering more competition for companies such as Lidl. During a difficult economic climate consumers cut down on spending in an attempt to try and save money as the cost of living increases but wages don’t. This means that Tesco would have cut down on orders to manufacturers for example the steaks, no one would have been buying them and they may have cut their order from 1000 to 400 for example. The current interest rates can  also effect a company like Tesco because if they borrow a loan from the bank then if the interest rates are high then Tesco will end up paying back more money than the original borrowed amount, however if they are lower than it would be the best time for Tesco to borrow if they need to because although they will still be paying back more than what they borrowed however it will be a much lower amount. Inflation rates can also present problems as they decrease and increase over time; if the rate of inflation is high the Tesco will increase their prices to compensate for the rise however this will decrease their sales because customers won’t be willing to pay the higher prices. GDP (Gross National Product) is the market value of all goods and services over a certain period of time if the GDP increases by 3% it means that the economy has grown by 3%, this has an impact on everyone in the economy because it affects the stock market which is somethi ng that any potential investor will take into consideration before they invest. Tesco will see wage increase in a healthy economy and higher profits as Tesco’s products have a demand increase. Cancer Research UK will have struggled during the recession and current times as people are cutting down on spending and unlike Tesco Cancer Research are selling things that yes people need, however their products aren’t essential therefore they will be losing lots of money and may have to cut down money on research and support. They have a much smaller budget that has to be spent carefully in order to prevent a negative impact on the business; recently Cancer Research has not had the funding to research into new types of cancer and develop knowledge as they have had such little funding. During an economic boom however Cancer Research will hopefully make plenty of money to fund research and support as people will have more money to spend on clothes and shoes. They are able to offer a lot more support and can do extensive research into new kinds of cancer as t hey have the funding. Inflation can affect a business like Cancer Research UK but not as much because they don’t buy in their stock it’s all donated by customers, however they may slightly increase their prices which in such a difficult economic climate is something that they desperately want to avoid. GDP will affect Cancer Research because they may see an increase in customers if the GDP was low because typically there are high rates of unemployment at times like that and people still need clothes to wear and rather than pay high street prices people with go to the  charity shops and buy cheaper second hand clothes. However if the GDP increased then Cancer Research may see a decline the their sales and customers because there are high levels of employment during a high GDP and people with have more money to spend on high street trends.

Plant #2

1) Using budget data, 176,087 iPhone 4’s must be completed on a monthly basis in order for Danshui Plant No. 2 to break even. The first step is to calculate the contribution margin which is equal to the budgeted revenue, $41,240,000, minus the variable costs, $40,412,000, which gives us a contribution margin of $828,000. If we divide this number by the number of units, 200,000, we find the contribution margin per unit to be $4. 14. Now, all we need are the fixed costs, which are budgeted as $729,000 per month. Plugging these values into the break-even point formula we find BEP=729,000/4. 14=176,087 units. ) Using budget data, the total expected cost per unit is $205. 70 and the actual cost per unit is $211. 94. Since manufacturing and shipping are both taken into account we need to focus on both variable and fixed costs. To find the total expected cost per unit we must add the budgeted variable costs, $40,411,000, and add them to the budgeted fixed costs, $729,000, and divide the sum of these numbers by 200,000 units. This gives the result of $205. 70 expected cost per unit. To find the actual cost per unit the process is the same except we use the data from the actual column in exhibit three.So we have the variable costs at $37,412,000, add the fixed costs of $736,000 to this number, then divide by the number of units, 180,000, and we find the actual total cost per unit to be $211. 94. 3) In order to prepare a flexible budget for 180,000 iPhone 4’s you can either use exhibit 1 and values and multiply them by the number of units, 180,000, or you can do what I did, which is take the values in the monthly budged section of exhibit 3 and multiply them by 9/10 which is the simplification of 180,000/200,000.Here are all the values I calculated: Revenue:$37,116,000 Flash Memory:$4,860,000 Application Process:$1,935,000 Chips-Phone:$2,529,000 Gyroscope:$468,000 8 Other Chips:$12,771,000 Total Variable Costs From Materials:$22,563,000 Variable Supplies an d Tools Labor:$11,256,300 Assembly and Packing:$2,359,800 Shipping:$190,800 Total Variable Costs:$36,369,900 Factory Rent:$400,000 Machine Depreciation:$150,000 Utility Fee and Taxes:$52,000 Supervision:$127,000 Total Fixed Costs:$729,000 Total Costs:$37,098,900 Net Income:$17,100.The variance for each respective value (in order) is to be indicated by an H or L. H meaning that the actual value is higher than the flexible budget value, and L meaning that the actual value is lower than the flexible budget value. The variances are 0 units, $360,000H, $389,000H, 0, 0, 0, $128,000L, $261,000H, $48,700H, $732,200H, $200H, $1,042,100H, 0, 0, 0, $7,000H, $7,000H, $1,049,100H, $689,100L.