The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner Free Essays

â€Å"Describe the basic component to be an effective money related organizer in Hong Kong and China. Clarify the difficulties of rehearsing moral money related arranging in Hong Kong and China. † Successful monetary arranging Successful money related arranging Establishing believing associations with customers Establishing confiding involved with customers Strong notoriety Strong notoriety Professional and moral conduct Professional and moral conduct Strong budgetary arranging information Strong budgetary arranging information Strong relational abilities Strong relational aptitudes Budgetary arranging has gotten substantially more significant throughout the decade in Hong Kong and China. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Numerous alumni and others with proficient money related arranging information connect with into the field of monetary arranging. Being a fruitful budgetary organizer, certain conditions ought to be satisfied to react the interest of customers and overall population. Figure1 Conditions of fruitful budgetary arranging As figure1 expressed, an effective money related organizer ought to build up confiding involved with their customers which require solid notoriety of those monetary organizers. There are three primary components to build the solid notoriety to the customers, including solid money related arranging information, solid relational abilities and proficient and moral conduct. Money related organizers are required to have the inside and out information. They are required to assess all parts of the clients’ money related necessities including utilization, pay and riches investigation, protection, retirement life, duty and domain arranging. They ought to offer some incentive added administrations to satisfy the necessities of the customers likewise. Additionally, there are some microeconomic and acroeconomic variables would influence the exhibition of the venture portfolio. An expert monetary organizer ought to have related information for clients’ wellbeing. In Hong Kong, the budgetary market is all around created . It is anything but difficult to locate an enormous scope of monetary items to contribute. A lot of decisions suggest that money related o rganizers ought to comprehend the idea of every item to suit the client’s need. To build open trust in the money related arranging, numerous banks and insurance agencies require their staff to take the CFP assessment. With respect to China, Chinese government has opened the monetary market throughout the years which lead to the progressions of the Chinese condition much of the time. So money related organizers in China are required to get related training to improve the open certain on budgetary arranging. Taking the case of China tax assessment framework, there were a few changes in charge motivating force for outside business and individual annual expense. Budgetary organizers in China should mindful these progressions and change their expense arranging rapidly for their customers. Relational abilities are basic to money related organizers. Since they need to gather the information from their customers to make suggestions to their customers. When gathering information from their customers, money related organizers should show their respectability and ability to persuade the customers. It tends to be smarter to set the money related objective for their customers. Chinese individuals would not reveal their private data to the outsider without any problem. It hampers money related organizers to assist their customers with pursueing their monetary objectives. Monetary organizers who serve for Chinese individuals should utilize their relational abilities to draw near with their customers and gather more data. Numerous fruitful sales reps recommend making companion with the clients and customers. Minding with client’s needs assistance monetary organizers to make a cozy relationship with their customers. For instance, one youngster strategy in China makes the residents to concern progressively about their retirement life. A monetary organizer can pick up client’s trust by sharing their insight on retirement arranging and making proposals. Proficient and moral conduct is the third significant component for money related organizers to pick up notoriety. These days, more individuals worry about the moral practice in budgetary segment, particularly after the money related wave. Honesty can assemble trust with the customers and addition notoriety. CFP Board set the â€Å"Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility† which incorporates a few standards †uprightness, objectivity, ability, decency, privacy, demonstrable skill and tirelessness. Without these standards, a money related organizer can't set up a well connection with their customers. To satisfy these three components, a budgetary organizer can increase great notoriety among their customers and build up confiding involved with them which make that person to be a fruitful monetary organizer. CFP mark is the capability perceived by Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB). A budgetary organizer needs to satisfy certain conditions †instruction, assessment, experience and morals. Each money related organizer would confront moral difficulties while rehearsing monetary arranging. There are a few models for difficulties of rehearsing moral monetary arranging in Hong Kong and China. There are mind boggling monetary items in Hong Kong and China. It is difficult to contrast these new and complex items and the customary one. The point of financing arranging is to offer proficient types of assistance to suit the necessities of their customers. Moral practice implies making the best choice. An organized item can produce higher income than treasury bonds in the blossoming financial. In any case, it brings about higher hazard for the client’s venture at that point. For the money related organizer, it is hard to state for sure that those new and complex items are better than the convention speculation instruments. What's more, it settles on the dynamic to get more earnestly. Another moral test is the technique for remuneration. In US, most monetary organizers are repaid through a blend of expenses and commissions. Contrasting and the monetary organizers in Hong Kong and China, a large number of them are remunerated by commission and low fundamental pay. Commission is an inspiration which drives budgetary organizers to amplify the advantage estimation of their customers. Higher development pace of the benefit esteem infers higher commission that organizers can gain. Be that as it may, commission-based pay would inclination money related organizers to play out a dangerous portfolio. Rather than concerning clients’ intrigue, organizers would seek after their own advantage for endurance. Since the essential pay probably won't be sufficient for living. In Hong Kong and China, monetary organizers may confront the weight from their bosses or chiefs. They need to meet the month to month standard of some â€Å"recommended† items. As a rule, they get high commission by selling these items. Unique in relation to the sales reps, monetary organizers are prompting their budgetary wanting to their customers however not selling it. Those â€Å"recommended† items may not be appropriate for their clients’ circumstance and requirements. It conflicts with the rule that a monetary organizer should put client’s enthusiasm for the main goal. All in all, money related organizers need to manage numerous moral predicaments truly. At the point when an expert money related organizer is confronting the trouble at work, the individual in question can in any case put their client’s enthusiasm on first and keep away from the snare from those exploitative practices. Later on, it is normal that the field of budgetary arranging will develop widely in Hong Kong and China. What's more, there will be increasingly proficient budgetary organizers to draw in into this field. Step by step instructions to refer to The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner, Essay models

Affirmative Action And Discrimination Essay Example For Students

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society And Discrimination Essay What is governmental policy regarding minorities in society? This has been a fascinating inquiry throughoutthe recent years. Numerous individuals might want to answer it with essentially the namegiven to programs that attempt to address past and progressing separations againstwomen, racial minorities, and others in the work power and in training. Wherethis answer might be a decent course reading style reaction, not all individuals concur with it. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society was made out of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It really became effective out of an Executive request that was conveyed byPresident Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. He needed to accomplish more than what thenon-separation laws of the time were attempting to achieve. He likewise needed tosee minorities and ladies show signs of improvement chance at progression in their currentjobs. President Nixon, whom likewise actualized a similar Executive request, keptaffirmative activity alive. President Ford assisted with refreshing governmental policy regarding minorities in society byadding the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Vietnam Era Veterans ReadjustmentAct of 1974. A long time later President Carter made an office to handleaffirmative activity cases that managed the agreement parts of the originalAffirmative Action plan, and considered it the Office of Federal Contract CompliancePrograms. There were three prime parts of governmental policy regarding minorities in society that fell intoplace. The primary was governmental policy regarding minorities in society in work. The second territory isaffirmative activity managing contracts. The third zone of confirmed actiondeals with the zone of training. At the point when we take a gander at the governmental policy regarding minorities in society plansof business, this is one region that generally we all have came into contact atsome point in our lives. At the point when you and I go to go after a position with an organization, wefeel that on the off chance that we are the best equipped for the position that we ought to receiveit. This is the way that most ordinary individuals would feel. With Affirmative Action,this thought of the best-qualified individual for the activity isn't a reality. Not allcompanies still go with the possibility of Affirmative Action as a composed arrangement, butmay still have it as an acting practice in their recruiting. All through the pastthirty years numerous individuals have been advanced, recruited, or even terminated based upontheir shade o f their skin, or based on their sex. Does this sound like avery reasonable activity? Most would not think along these lines, however it is a reality thatAffirmative Action has placed into play. In May of 1994 at St. BonaventureUniversity, the leader of the college terminated 22 of his employees forbeing guys. He straightforwardly conceded that the firings depended on sexual orientation and notqualifications. A portion of these educators even had residency that were terminated. Obviously, a gathering of twelve of the men went to the US Equal EmploymentOpportunity Commission and raised charges on the school. This isn't theonly case of an inclination work environment that is moving in an opposite discriminatoryfashion. There are numerous different organizations and organizations that like to offer specialconsiderations to the minorities and females, just with the goal that they can put off someappearance that they are attempting to be reasonable for the entirety of their representatives. This ideaof recruiting anybody that is less qualified than another person dependent on the shading orhis or her skin isn't right. Separation regardless of how you need to see it isnot anything that will leave by driving organizations to incorporate aprogram that specifically picks the laborer that is less qualified, yet happens tofit in the right minority gathering or is female. At the point when an organization does this it issetting itself up for interior issues with labore rs that as of now work there. .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .postImageUrl , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:hover , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:visited , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:active { border:0!important; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:active , .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uad20c6 c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uad20c6c4f85544311a34bb9f20ecf39e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Asians And Census 2000 EssayAny thought of separation or prejudice that as of now exists in the laborers may beheightened rather than diminished. The possibility that your colleague didnt need to scoreas high on the test, meet similar prerequisites, or have as much tutoring asyou in light of the fact that they are a minority is going to make a great many people feel a bitenraged. In a business where a people physical abilities are a significant part ofthe work, for example, substantial hardware, employing a less qualified individual could causesafety issues also. Okay need somebody working a crane around you if theybarel y breezed through the assessment for tasks? From a managerial viewpoint themanagement may likewise feel a negative disposition toward being compelled to employ someonewho they know doesnt fit the activity, yet an administration program istelling them as well. This could cause inward clash at even the managementlevel toward the laborers. Provisional labor between the administration and contractorsis another territory that was focused by the Affirmative Action programs. The sametype of wellbeing issues are the main worries that strike a chord when you think ofthe government recruiting conceivably less qualified contractual workers to accomplish work forthem. The advantage to this piece of the arrangement is it assists with splitting endlessly from some ofthe political ties that a few temporary workers have had previously. It allows some ofthe littler organizations to substantiate themselves. Instruction is another zone ofAffirmative Action that has had its reactions. The permission of an understudy foreducational purposes without meeting indistinguishable necessities from the wholeseems to me to be somewhat discriminative in nature. A famous case that hasoccurred in our history was that of Regrents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978). For this situation the University had held 16 of its 100 openingsfor minorities. The other 64 spaces had just been filled so in light of the fact that Bakke wasnot a minority, his induction was denied, despite the fact that he was more qualifiedthan his minority rivals. The induction of an understudy to a University orany other school program without scoring as high as the generalpopulation on the placement tests is another type of Affirmative Actiondiscrimination. At Ivy League schools the middle GPA of candidates is close toa 4.0 and SAT scores are near 1300. The minorities that apply are admittedwith a GPA of under 3.0 and a SAT score of under 1000. Is this reallyletting in the most qualified and world class understudies? I truly dont perceive how itcould be. The Affirmative Action programs began with the possibility that ourcountry was going to attempt to compensate for a portion of the awful things that happened tothe minorities of our nation numerous years back. T he possibility that anyone owes anyonespecial treatment for something in our past is somewhat unwarranted. I concur thatAffirmative Action programs assisted with getting rid of isolation in a great deal ofinstances and even at long last let a portion of the blacks get into school. This part ofthe plan I concur with. The projects are currently outdated notwithstanding. PresidentClinton has tended to this issue during his administration. He has brought aboutfour measures for all Affirmative Action programs that despite everything exist: no quotasin hypothesis or practice, no unlawful separation of any sort, no inclinations forpeople that are not qualified, and when the program has succeeded it mustbe resigned. In spite of the fact that the president has expressed these rules, it hasntchanged everyones method of business or thinking. The individuals who are benefitingfrom the Affirmative Action programs that are still around today are individuals whonever experienced any treachery our past. Our work power is currently being made upof more youthful individuals who not even once had the administration let them know were they had toget a beverage of water or sit on a transport. Those days have taken a break forour nation to proceed onward and let the past rest. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is nothing morethan a legitimate method to segregate. On the off chance that the plans are intended to compensate for thediscrimination of the minorities of the past by oppressing themajority now, at that point that is stating that tw

Ideate, Model, TEST! A long, behind-the-scenes look at 2.009

Ideate, Model, TEST! A long, behind-the-scenes look at 2.009 Clockwise from top right: sketch model review, sketch model review (on a real stall), mockup review, final alpha prototype on stage. Top left photo by John Chow. End-of-the-semester class presentations are usually pretty dry events. Busy PowerPoint slides, droning presenters excitement, magic and this made me want to switch majors arent phrases often heard in the audience. Then again, most class presentations dont involve a live band, an audience of 3300, and an overall class budget of a half million dollars. Under the tutelage of Professor David Wallace, MITs senior capstone mechanical engineering product design class (known as 2.009) has steadily grown into a huge spectacle that attracts audience members from around the globe. Its the closest thing youll find at MIT to the campus spirit-unifying atmosphere of a football game. Over the course of the 3+ hour event, 8 teams reveal the products theyve been working on over the semester. But while the presentations are exceptionally polished, with massive props and huge numbers of support staff behind the scenes (one presentation this year involved two people rappelling from the ceiling of the auditorium; my teams involved a real toilet on stage), the products dont start out that way. The theme of this years presentation was magic, but it wasnt magic that created these products it was engineering, design, and good old-fashioned hard work. While a product is a very tangible thing, every product starts out as an idea. And ideas are decidedly less tangible theyre fuzzy, often hard to express, and even harder to convey convincingly to others. The difference between a great idea and a lousy idea isnt always clear when youre just verbally discussing it. Some people are better at being louder in meetings, at expressing their ideas first; this has little correlation with which ideas are actually good. But this process of structured ideation is incredibly important, because its these early design decisions that drive months of work. Its one of my favorite things about product design every tangible thing starts off as a conversation, as a thought. Its the reason why 2.009 is called Product Engineering Process, with an emphasis on Process: roughly half the class is spent on the process of generating and mocking up ideas, with only the last month focusing on building up an alpha prototype of one particular idea. Apples head designer Jony Ive recently described many university design programs as tragic because so many of the designers that we interview dont know how to make stuff, because workshops in design schools are expensive and computers are cheaper. He added that students were being taught to use computer programs to make renderings that could make a dreadful design look really palatable. A photo from the Build Challenge. Students sketched out ideas, which were then converted to kits and assembled by students in an hour. The spirit of 2.009 couldnt be farther from that of the design programs that Jony disparaged. 2.009s motto is Ideate, Model, Test. Even though Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software is ubiquitous these days in mechanical engineering courses, a huge focus of 2.009 is trying to prove out ideas as quickly as possible. Often, making a computer 3D model isnt the best way to start an idea. Instead, fast and low-fidelity mockups (like rough cutting blocks of foam, or using quick-fabrication methods like laser cutting) can be better ways for exploring ideas. Its not cheap to have such a big focus on physical models (one early build challenge cost $20k alone), but its the right way to teach the product design process. At the beginning of the semester, students start with primitive sketch models to pitch their ideas. As ideas get cut and refined, so too do the manufacturing processes. 3D printers, waterjet cutters, CNC mills, thermoforming chambers few manufacturing processes are inaccessible to students. A quick, functioning prototype for a foam wire cutter. Mocked up in 5 minutes. Each team of 20 students gets a budget of $6500 for the three months of 2.009. Most teams will use all of this budget, and more. The biggest cost isnt monetary, but in person-hours; students will regularly pull all-nighters and stay in lab til 3am (or later) before major deadlines throughout the semester. One students only sleep in 2 days was 45 minutes lying in the back of an ATV in a drafty loading dock. 3 weeks before final presentations The hours take their toll, but theyre also reflected in the prototypes. Earlier on in the semester, my teams sketch model, conceived and built in less than 24 hours, wowed reviewers with its laser cut acrylic parts, high degree of fit and finish, and working sensors. Purple is the only morning lab section, and we joke that were the tryhard team. Perhaps coincidentally, in the course cartoon video the Purple team is caricatured with a nerdy glasses-wearing rabbit. For the Technical Review, however, were in decidedly worse shape. Its 1 hour until instructors will be coming by to examine the prototype of our self-opening and locking restroom door, and nothing is working. The team has split into several subteams: locking, opening, sensors, and enclosure. While the mechanisms are all machined and laser cut, and the laser cut enclosure looks great, the sensors are glitching. Two of our teams stronger coders sit with brows furrowed next to the door. After an hour of debugging, theyre still not sure what is causing the microcontroller to intermittently shut itself off and restart. But theres no time left the first round of reviewers is heading in. Were forced to explain our progress so far without an actual working prototype, and the first round of reviews is disappointing. By the second round of reviewers, weve identified the problem the motor for the opening mechanism is drawing too much current, causing the current to the Arduino to briefly drop, leading to a reset. The solution plugging the Arduino into a laptop during the demonstration isnt ideal. A huge amount of work had gone into making sure the device could be battery-powered and compact. But having something to show is at least better than having nothing but words. The prototype at least shows the mechanical progress and sensing progress that the team has made over the past two weeks. Clockwise from top left: a small prayer before we close up the enclosure; the laser cut enclosure, in front of several failed laser cutting attempts that took me at least 6 hours to oversee; Josh B. and Sally M., working on the tech review model before reviewers come; our full tech review model. The next few rounds of reviewers go much better. Having a working prototype makes all the difference, and Purples presenters refine their pitches and explanations as they get more practice. One reviewers comment that why havent you patented this yet? reinvigorates the team just as energy is starting to dip. By 11pm, the reviewers are finally all gone. The few stragglers from Purple team finish up cleaning up the lab space, and head home. Its time to sleep. 3 days until final presentations Purples presentation team is meeting in the fishbowl lounge, which is what we affectionately call3-144. We have three presenters (Jarrod, Sally, and Camilo), and three additional question answerers (me, Sophia, Eric). Were preparing our presentation quite differently from other teams. Most teams have presenters working on their own slides, writing their own scripts, then trying to integrate at the end. Instead, Im essentially directing the presentation making the whole slide deck, writing the script, and trying to coordinate across our presenters very different styles. The goal is to have a very unified slide deck with a clear and coherent structure. In fact, Im aiming to not have our presenters use clickers to advance slides on stage; someone backstage will have memorized the script and transitions so well that there will be no need for presenters to change slides themselves. Thats the idea, at least. Things dont go great in our first runthrough in front of lab instructors. The main source of friction is between myself and a presenter; we each have strong, clear ideas of what an effective presentation should be like. On the presentation spectrum of conversational to showman, Im decidedly in the former camp and he is decidely in the latter camp. Things get heated. Voices are raised. We decide to adjourn the meeting and cool off for a bit. 1 day until final presentations The presentation team is doing much better. Weve unified on a script, and drawn the best elements from different peoples respective styles. While we still have a lot of rehearsal to do, were definitely on the right track. Presentation practice in an empty classroom. One thing Im proud of is that we spend a lot of time getting details right. For example, our product explosions are unparalleled by any other teams, and thats because we spend a lot of effort on them. SolidWorks is capable of generating exploding animations, but the motions arent up to my standards of smoothness; additionally, using a SolidWorks animation gives us less control on timing. So instead, I have Eric (our SolidWorks professional) generate high-DPI images of each individual part each bevel gear, each motor, each aluminum plate. I remove the backgrounds on the images and painstakingly stitch them together in Keynote, until they match the correct part positions in SolidWorks. Then, using Keynotes Magic Move feature, I explode each part to a subsequent slide. It takes an insane amount of time relative to the effort it takes to generate a quick SolidWorks animation. But to me, its not about doing whats fast, its about doing whats right. The whole team spent hours and hours designing and fabricating our product, and Im not about to present it in a shoddy way in front of 3300 people. I think the results are well worth it: We nicknamed this the Iron Man reverse explosion. #touchless #009mit #009purple #mechE #MIT A video posted by Michael Cheung (@m_cheung_) on Dec 9, 2015 at 9:06pm PST The actual prototype, on the other hand, is in a minor crisis. All of the individual components are built and (mostly assembled), but the whole product hasnt been integrated yet. Which means that there are less than 24 hours to go and we still dont have a product to demo. Sometime around 4am, someone Slacks out a video of the prototype working. We cheer. Everything is finally coming together. 5 hours before final presentations Everything is not coming together. Were seeing our board intermittently resetting again. It seems like the same issue we had with the Arduino during Tech Review, 3 weeks ago. Except that this time, plugging our product into a laptop is not an option. Josh hasnt properly slept in around a week. The problem seems to be that were running off just the controller on our PCB, which has no power regulator; when the opening motor operates were seeing a current drop again. The quick hack is to add a complete Arduino, which has a power regulator, in series before our board is connected to power. This keeps the current steady to the board, and it seems to fix the problem. Crisis averted. For now. 1 minute before final presentations Camilo, Jarrod, and Sally have missed almost all of the previous teams presentations because theyre backstage trying to test our product as many times as possible. Im told that its worked 60 times in a row. Theres really nothing we could change now anyway. 3, 2, 1, go. As Jarrod begins the live demo, I think I can hear Purple Team collectively holding its breath. Sally walks through the door, turns around and IT CLOSES AND LOCKS!!!! The Purple section of the auditorium doesnt cheer, it roars. Im pretty sure I can distinctly hear Max in that cacophony of noise. In fact, were able to demonstrate the product working 3 times live during our presentation, which is pretty uncommon for a 2.009 demo, and especially important for a product that absolutely needs to be reliable. 2.009 photos by John Chow During the QA session, I get a question that involves poop. Or at least my answer involves poop. My phone blows up with approximately 34283 poop emoji texts. Andthats it! Its surreal that 2.009 is over. I still remember attending 2.009 as a freshman, then a sophomore, then a junior thinking that I couldnt wait until it was my turn. It was incredible actually being on stage when the confetti fell. Good luck, future Course 2s. I cant wait to see what you build. Post Tagged #2.009

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Hitler And The Nazi Party - 942 Words

Under the ruling of Hitler and the Nazi Party, Germany inaugurated the war in 1939 with an unexpected invasion Poland. Nearly all of Europe was taken over by Hitler in 1940. By the summer only Britain remain of the European power. The course of the war changed when Britain grabbled with an attack performed by the Nazi Party. Then Hitler, disobeyed an agreement made with the Soviet Union, by ordering an invasion on Britain. Afterwards the United States entered the war when Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor. By the spring of 1945 the Soviet Union was approaching Berlin, here Hitler kills himself because he know he would be defeated and have to surrender to the Nazis. This left Karl Donitz in charged. On May 7, of 1945 Germany surrenders, ending the European conflict of the war. The United States wanted to hurry and end the war, so on August 6th of 1945 they sent a B-29 bomber to drop an explosion on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, this is known as today the Atomic Bomb. The bombing killed over 80,000 people and destroyed nearly the whole city. On August 9th Nagasaki was bombed and this caused nearly over 40,000 more people to be killed. These events were all done by the President which was Harry Truman at the time. According to History, the Atomic Bombing is the only nuclear attack to ever happen period. These bombings left behind very high radiation readings, which left a lot of the people who survived with radiation poisoning. Which eventually killed them causing anotherShow MoreRelatedHitler And The Nazi Party1806 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause of how large scale the destruction was. Over a course of twelve years, Hitler and the Nazi party developed a comprehensive solution to the Jewish problem. Through a series of three solutions, Hitler and his party sought to eliminate European Jewry. Through a series of calculated actions over a decade, Hitler used political, situational, and physical violence to break down the European Jewry. In order for Hitler to win his war against the Jews, he had to break down the autonomy of the groupRead MoreHitler And The Nazi Party1547 Words   |  7 Pages Nazism in America Probably one of the most infamous political groups in history were the Nazis, a party created and lead by Hitler, an equally awful man. The Nazi party was based in Germany, and many Germans had fallen prey to their deception through their immoral methods, but it was a true surprise when Americans started to become ensnared by their deceit as well. After WWI, Germany was in ruins; so many Germans immigratedRead MoreHitler And The Nazi Party2125 Words   |  9 PagesIt is undebatable that Hitler and the Nazi party abused propaganda and distorted the media in order to rise to power and then deceive the German population. Propaganda was incorporated into every German citizens’ life through broadcasts, posters, newspapers and speeches put on by the Fà ¼hrer himself. This propaganda was filled with lies and deceptions about certain ethnic groups, held strong nationalistic ideals and contorted the national German opinion. In Goebbels’s efforts to create a unifiedRead MoreEssay on Hitler and the Nazi Party825 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Assignment Hitler attained power in 1933 as the result of a complex set of factors. He was the right man at the right time to take advantage of the problems that had arisen in Germany in the post war years. In the post war years of the 1920s to the 1930s, the German people had many grievances. The biggest of which was the economy. The hyperinflation of the early 1920s, in January 1921 the German mark was 65 marks to the American dollar and on November 1923 it was worth 4 200 000Read MoreHitler s And The Nazi Party1409 Words   |  6 PagesHitler s henchmen were those inside the Richstag and other important segments of the German government. These include Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler, Ernst Rohm, Reinhard Heydrich. It is debated if they escaped justice or not. Joseph Goebbels was born in 1897 and became a doctor in philosophy in 1920. Due to his hatred of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, he joined the Nazi party near the end of 1924 to help build support for the party in Berlin. In 1923 heRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party889 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1933, Adolf Hitler was legally named chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. In the following years, Hitler would take power as Fà ¼hrer and the Nazi party would create laws that pretty much allowed them to kill eleven million people. While the anti-semitic laws and the laws against â€Å"undesirables† were horrible, they were still laws. The truth of the matter was that Hitler belonged to the Nazi party and it was a legitimate political party with a substantial following; and their lawsRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party1988 Words   |  8 PagesAdolf Hitler officially took political action to advance with his plans of world domination with his creati on of the Enabling Act. He took all the governmental powers away from the Reichstag and distributed them to himself and his cabinet. By creating the Enabling Act, he had given himself the ability to create doctrines, control the budget and approve treaties. Hitler removed the legal power that the German government possessed and gave it to himself which have him the upper hand in the situationRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party2566 Words   |  11 PagesAs the Nazi Party took power in the early 1930’s, the whole world was entering a depression. By the early 1930’s, fascist policy seeped into German government and brought Germany out of a deep recession. In the early 1930’s, Keynesian thought was emerging and Germany was amidst recovery from reparations for World War I and required a strong government to get them out of it. The Nazi party believed that in order to get themselves out of recession, they needed to first bring the unemployment rateRead MoreAdol f Hitler And The Nazi Party2747 Words   |  11 PagesAdolf Hitler and his Nazi Party saw their acquisition of power in 1933 as more than simply a change of government. To the Nazis it represented the start of a transformation of German society in accordance with their ideology of National Socialism. This focused on all Germans, regardless of class or income, working for the national good as part of the Volksgemeinschaft, the People’s Community. In the period from 1933 to 1939, the Nazis ultimately achieved consensus in creating the VolksgemeinschaftRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party1333 Words   |  6 PagesHitler as Chancellor In January 1933, Adolf Hitler capitalized on his appointment to Chancellor as a new government began forming around him. Conservative politicians responsible for placing him in power had envisioned a way to harness Hitler and the Nazi party (also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party) to establish an authoritarian government by replacing the republic. Hitler, recognizing the circumstances, masterfully established his own totalitarian regime and maintained complete

The Implications of the Phrase “Existence Precedes Essence.” Free Essays

Kung Tzu or Confucius as he is better known as was born in 551 BC and was a Chinese thinker and teacher (as he preferred to see himself) developed a system of philosophy and religion known as Confucianism. One part of his thoughts in particular are currently of interest to us; his views on human nature. Confucius believed that human nature is neither good nor evil, but develops through out one’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Implications of the Phrase: â€Å"Existence Precedes Essence.† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The actions, choices and thoughts of every person all contribute towards a person’s nature; and as a result of this thought he justified that there is no collective human nature and that human nature varies from person to person. This may be summed up into one phrase: â€Å"existence precedes essence†. The statement in this case would mean that people are born without any nature as such, and are neither good nor evil to begin with; quite simply they’re like a hollow husk with no character, soul or substance (mental and emotional) that would make them human. The character develops and grows as a person experiences live and all the challenges and rewards that accompany life and is reflected through the actions and decisions of each person. This would imply that every individual is born with a ‘clean sate’ and are thus free to determine the direction of their existence weather for good or evil as a culmination of their lives thus far. It also means that all human beings are born equal (at least on a moral plain) because every individual at birth has no essence or soul; quite simply, they may be compared to animals.It is their lives and experiences that shape who they are in essence and their actions and choices that reflect who they are. Further more as a result of the equality implications is could be deduced that all people regardless of their economic or social class are equally capable of committing good and evil and no individual is incapable of committing either good or evil regardless of their social or economic class. How to cite The Implications of the Phrase: â€Å"Existence Precedes Essence.†, Papers

Understanding Public Policy. Social Impact of Policy.

Policy analysis plays an important role for developing and implementing every initiative of the government. Its strategies can be more successful if they are based on the findings of social scientists, psychologists, or medical researchers. Overall, policy analysis is supposed to show what kind of actions will help to achieve a particular goal or solve a certain problem (Fox, Bayat, Ferreira, 2007, p. 96).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Understanding Public Policy. Social Impact of Policy. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various stages of this analysis are essential for the development of a public policy. In particular, this process involves the following steps or stages: 1) identification of a specific problem and data collection; 2) the evaluation of different options, especially their social, economic, or environmental impacts; 3) choosing the alternative that will yield the best results at a minimal c ost (Fox, Bayat, Ferreira, 2007, p. 96). Provided that the mistake is made at one of these stages, the policies of the government will be more likely to fail. Policy analysis is also important during the implementation of any public policy. This set of methods can help the government determine whether their initiatives bring actually improvements. Policy analysis can assist public administrators in identifying the drawbacks of their initiatives, especially those cases when these initiatives can backfire. Yet, this analysis can be accurate if it is based on evidence-based findings. For instance, healthcare policies can be more effective when they take into account the most recent statistical data about diseases or mortality (Lavis et al, 2004, p. 1616). This is why policy analysis is vital for public administrators. These methods can help the government take informed decisions that rely on high quality data, rather than rules of thumb. One of the issues that policy-makers should con sider is the social impact of polices. Every initiative implemented by the government can affect a variety of people in a very unpredictable way. The first task is to determine how many people can be influenced by the policy and in what way. For instance, policy-makers may need to estimate how many people will benefit from increased investment into community hospitals. Public administrators will have to focus on the demographic characteristics of these people such as age, sex or income level. Secondly, they will need to make sure that these policies will not adversely affect any social groups. Scholars point out that it is important to understand the so-called â€Å"transmission channels† through which a policy can impact society (Vanclay Esteves 2012, p. 313). For instance, the removal of trade barriers with a certain country can effect local employments, or the prices and accessibility of goods (Vanclay Esteves 2012, p. 313).Advertising Looking for coursework on poli tical sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goal of the government is to identify these channels. This task can be very difficult because social impacts are not easy to estimate. In most cases, they depend on a particular situation. Public administrators should take into account that social impacts of policies can be unpredictable. Their plans should be based on closed analysis of previous policies and their impacts. In this way, they can safeguard themselves against various pitfalls, especially threats to people’s wellbeing. This is the main precaution that they will have to take. Overall, these examples show that policies of the government can be successful when public administrators understand the impact of their initiatives on various stakeholders. The necessity to implement policies can limit the power of the government in different ways. First of all, the government requires financial resources in order to infl uence the life of the society. However, when this institution has to invest capital into several policies, its power begins to decrease. Secondly, one has to speak about human resources. The power of the government is dependent on the availability of skilled. When the government has to implement policies, public administrators will have to dedicate part of their efforts to this initiative. In some cases, the effort of these employees is insufficient. This is one of the reasons why public administrators have to attract non-governmental organizations. As a rule, the support of these organizations is essential for the government. Finally, any public policy requires a certain amount of time in order to perform its duties. Very often policies can last for years, and the government will have to monitor their implementation. Usually, these activities are very time-consuming. So, these limitations can be explained by such things as financial resources, personnel, and time. This is one of th e ways in which policies can affect the power of the government. Additionally, policies themselves can be aimed at restricting the power of the state. For instance, this institution can be made more accountable for its actions, expenses, plans, or risk management strategies. Policies can make government less bureaucratic and more oriented toward the needs of people. Governmental officials will have to legitimize the use of power and identify the benefits that they bring to the community. This is perhaps the most important limitation that policies have. On the whole, they play a positive role, because they make the state more responsible.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Understanding Public Policy. Social Impact of Policy. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Fox, W., Bayat, S. Ferreira, N. (2007). A Guide to Managing Public Policy. New York: Juta and Company Ltd. Lavis, J., Posada, F., Haines, A ., Osei, E. (2004). Use of research to inform public policymaking. The Lancet , 364 (1), 1615-1621. Vanclay, F. Esteves, A. (2012). New Directions in Social Impact Assessment:  Conceptual and Methodological Advances. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing. This coursework on Understanding Public Policy. Social Impact of Policy. was written and submitted by user Gemma Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups By Maeve Maddox Katie Williams writes: I would like to   see a post about capitalization,  such as when is it proper to capitalize peoples titles, and when would you capitalize the name of a group (i.e. Board of Directors)    is Board always capitalized when you are referring to the group? A persons title is capitalized when it precedes the name and is therefore seen as part of the name: President Lincoln Bishop Sheen Once the title occurs, further references to the person holding the title appear in lowercase: the president the bishop The name of a group is capitalized when it is the full name: the Department of Comparative Literature the Board of Directors of Acme Industries Further references will be written in lowercase: the department the board Promotional materials frequently capitalize words like University and Board every time they occur. Generally speaking, the use of capitals should be minimized as much as possible. In the absence of a company style guide, the best practice is to choose a style guide for yourself. I refer to several, including the AP Stylebook and the Chicago Manual of Style. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?50 Synonyms for "Assistant"9 Forms of the Past Tense

French Literary Tenses - Temps littéraires

French Literary Tenses - Temps littà ©raires There are five French past tenses that are not used in spoken French. They are called literary or historical tenses because they are reserved for written French, such as LiteratureJournalismHistorical textsNarration At one time, literary tenses were used in spoken French, but they have gradually disappeared. When they are used, they raise the speakers register to an extremely refined (some might even say snobbish) level of French. They may also be used for humorous effect. For example, in the French movie Ridicule, the aristocracy use literary tenses in their word games, in order to make themselves sound more educated and refined. Each of the literary tenses has a non-literary equivalent; however, there are subtle nuances that are lost when using the equivalents. Most of these nuances dont exist in English, so I explain the difference in my lessons. Because literary tenses are not used in spoken French, you need to be able to recognize them, but you will most likely never need to conjugate them. Even in written French, most of the literary tenses are disappearing. The passà © simple is still used, but the others are often replaced by their spoken equivalents or by other verbal constructions. Some say that the disappearance of literary tenses leaves gaping holes in the French language - what do you think? Literary tenses  are not used in spoken French - they have non-literary equivalents, explained here. For a definition of literary tenses and a description of where/when they are used, please read the  introduction.Click the name of each literary tense to learn more about to conjugate and use it.I. Passà © simpleThe passà © simple  is the literary simple past tense. Its English equivalent is the preterite or simple past.Il  choisit.- He chose.The spoken French equivalent is the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  - the English present perfect.Il  a choisi.  - He has chosen. You can see that by not using the  passà © simple  and the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  together, the  French language  has lost the nuance between he chose and he has chosen. The  passà © simple  indicates an action that is complete and has no relationship to the present, whereas using the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  indicates a relationship with the present.II.  Passà © antà ©rieurThe passà © antà ©rieur  is the literary compound past tense.Quand il  eut choisi, nous rà ®mes.  - When he had chosen, we laughed.Its equivalent in spoken French is the  plus-que-parfait  (the English pluperfect or past perfect).Quand il  avait choisi, nous avons ri.  - When he had chosen, we laughed.The  passà © antà ©rieur  expresses an action that took place right before the action in the main verb (expressed by the  passà © simple). Aside from being extremely rare in spoken French, the  passà © antà ©rieur  is even disappearing in written French, as it can be replaced by several different constructions (see the lesson on the  past anterior  for more information).III. Imparfait  du subjonctif*The imparfait du subjonctif  is the literary simple past subjunctive. Jai voulu quil  choisà ®t.  - I wanted him to choose. (I wanted that he chose)Its spoken French equivalent is the  present subjunctive.Jai voulu quil  choisisse.  - I wanted him to choose. (I wanted that he choose)The distinction lost here is this: by using the imperfect subjunctive in French, both the main clause (I wanted) and the  subordinate clause  (that he chose) are in the past, whereas in the spoken French, the subordinate clause is in the present (that he choose).IV.  Plus-que-parfait  du subjonctif*The plus-que-parfait du subjonctif  is the literary compound past subjunctive.Jaurais voulu quil  eà »t choisi.  - I would have wanted him to choose.(I would have wanted that he had chosen)Its spoken French equivalent is the  past subjunctive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaurais voulu quil  ait choisi.  - I would have wanted him to choose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  (I would have wanted that he has chosen)This distinction is even more subtle, and is a combination of the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  and  imparfait du subjonctif  nuances: by using the  plus-que-parfait du subjonctif, the action is in the remote past and has no relationship to the present (that he had chosen), whereas using the past subjunctive indicates a slight relationship with the present (that he has chosen). V.  Seconde forme du conditionnel passà ©The  conditional perfect, second form, is the literary conditional past.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Si je leus vu, je leusse achetà ©.  - If I had seen it, I would have bought it.Its spoken French equivalent is the  conditional perfect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Si je lavais vu, je laurais achetà ©.  - If I had seen it, I would have bought it.The use of the second form of the conditional perfect emphasizes the fact that I didnt buy it, whereas the non-literal conditional perfect makes it sound more like a opportunity that just happened to be missed. *The English equivalents for these two literary tenses are unhelpful, because English rarely uses the subjunctive. I gave the literal, ungrammatical English translation in parentheses simply to give you an idea of what the French structure is like. Summary Literary tense Literary tense classification Non-literary equivalent pass simple simple past pass compos pass antrieur compound past plus-que-parfait imparfait du subjonctif simple past subjunctive subjonctif plus-que-parfait du subjonctif compound past subjunctive subjonctif pass 2e forme du conditionnel pass conditional past conditionnel pass More Literary French The  present subjunctive  has some literary uses.Certain verbs can be negated with the  ne littà ©raire.In literary French, the  negative adverb  ne... pas  is replaced by  ne... point.

Market Segmentation of Orbitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Market Segmentation of Orbitz - Essay Example In relation to the study, the company which has been selected is Orbitz, one of the leading travel companies which were formed by an alliance between major airline companies; American, Continental and Delta Airline, Northwest, United Airline and Continental Airline companies in the year 1999. It is a leading travel company enabling customers and passengers to plan and book a broad range of travel products. This essay discusses that the parent company Orbitz worldwide own a series of brands like Orbitz, Cheap Tickets, ebookers, HotelClub and Rates to go, The Away Network and Orbitz for Business. The website was launched in the year 2001 and in the year 2004, the company was acquired by Cendant Co Ltd. The company is headquartered in Chicago and the company is listed on New York Stock Exchange. The paper tells that the IPO of the company occurred in the year 2007 and the investor of the company Travelport is one of the world’s largest networks in the world. Orbit offers travel s ervices like vacation packages, cruise and car rentals and other travel services. This paper illustrates that in the year 2012 the company was labeled as one of the best travel companies to work for by Forbes. Orbitz is one of the few travel companies which offers passengers and customers to reserve and book tickets through various technological modes. The company offers holiday packages and tickets at a relatively low price compared to the other travel companies.... Market segmentation requires several technological and modelling techniques for accurate analysis and performance. Some of the important methods of market segmentation techniques are Automatic Interaction Detector (AID) and Multidimensional Scaling Techniques (MSD) and conjoint analysis. We will now conduct a market segmentation of Orbitzs Travel Company to understand the target customer base and the techniques used for conducting market segmentation. Geographic Segmentation Marketers conduct segmentation as per the geographic criteria like nations, states, cities, regions, countries etc. The company presently offers more than 1.5 million flight options to customers since, Orbitz is a travel company it has not confined to its services to a particular geographical location and the services are available worldwide. Orbitzs travel packages, online reservation of tickets, online hotel booking, and car rental at a lower price comparatively than the other travel companies. The company offe rs the travels services and facilities at a lower price to target countries with high and low purchasing power. Demographic Segmentation The demographic segmentation is the most common and prevalent form of market segmentation. Demographic segmentation would be done based on the gender, age, income, occupation, household size and education. In this case the travels services are offered for individuals, corporate customers, school children, family and married couples. Age: Based of age profile the target customers of Orbitz would be individuals of all ages including infants and toddlers. Income: Although, the travel services are offered at an affordable prices (Orbitz, 2013d) some of the services like the hotel

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 14

Human Resource Management - Essay Example nly one can witness a complete symphony between the different business processes, activities and feelings that are so very significantly attached with the business that we are talking about here. Pertinent planning can help a particular company gain so much in accordance with its goals and objectives that had been planned and drafted but in the current times more and more attention and emphasis is making the rounds of the discussion as to whether these plans can actually deliver what was expected of them in the first place. Thus management has the responsibility to plan, organize, lead and control the relevant resources that are present within the realms of the organizational contexts. Since the definition of management takes a clear cut look on the basis of finding the resources available at the organization’s disposal as well as the strategic moves, tactical decisions and tasks and processes that occur within it, there is a dire need to make sure that the top management knows what its business is all about and more significantly it must relate the same to the people who matter the most – the middle tier of the organization which is also known as the knowledge organization. The classical management perspective relied heavily on the placing of tasks and activities on the middle and lower tiers within the organization’s echelon. It focused more on carrying out the tasks at the lower levels and as such there was less accountability and answering when it came to the top management hierarchy present within the organization and indeed running the whole show. The same has changed and that too for the better so to speak. The classical management theo ry has completely faded out and the contemporary management perspective has superseded it on all counts. At the present, the work is supposed to be carried out by a basis of sharing and caring within the organization’s regimes which was not the case say two decades down the road. In keeping with the organizational

Comparing Polymers: Metal and Ceramics

Comparing Polymers: Metal and Ceramics Ceramics are inorganic and nonmetallic materials formed from metallic and nonmetallic elements whose interatomic bonds are either ionic or mostly ionic. Many of the ceramics desirable properties are obtained usually by a high temperature heat treatment. Ceramics are made up of two or more elements. In a crystalline structure is more complex than that of metals. When the bonding is mostly ionic the crystal structure is made up of positively charged metallic ions, cations, negatively charged nonmetallic ions and anions. When the ions are bonded together the overall charge must be neutral. To have a stable system the anions in the structure that surround a cation must be in contact with that particular ion. There needs to be a ratio of the cation radius to the anion radius for the coordination and understanding of the structures geometry. If for example there is a lack of coordination, the cation would be incorrectly incased by the anions thus causing a collapse in its expected structur al stability. There are many different types of structures exist for ceramics. One crystal structure is the AX type where there are an equal number of cations and anions. Another crystal structure that exists for ceramics has a different number of cations and anions but still has a neutral charge because the ions have different magnitudes of charge is called an AmXp structure. An AmBnXp structure has more than one type of cation, represented by A and B but only one type of anion. This type of structure is also seen in close packing of ions in metals. Imperfections occur in the crystal structure of ceramics very similar to metal structural defects. Defects can occur in each of the two ions of the structure. At any time there can be cation, anion interstitials, cation or anion vacancies. Most defects or imperfections occur in pairs to maintain the electroneutrality. A Frenkel defect is a cation vacancy and cation interstitial pair. When a cation and anion vacancy pair occurs they are called a Schottky defect. Ceramics can also have impurities in the crystal structure like metals. Figure 12.21 gives a schematic diagram of the Frenkel and a Schotkey defects (pg 435). In many cases ceramics tend to be very brittle which can lead to catastrophic failure with very few signs of fatigue. This is due to the fact that ceramics absorb very little energy before they fracture. When ceramics are subjected to a tensile stress, they almost always fracture before any plastic deformation takes place. Fracture occurs because of the formation and propagation of cracks perpendicular to the applied load. Ceramics have a greater ability to resist compression than tension. The modulus of elasticity decreases with more pores in the ceramic material. When there are many pores in the material they act as stress concentrators which expose the material to weak portion. However, ceramics are very hard and are good for applications where abrasive or grinding action is needed. Most polymers are organic and are composed of hydrocarbons with interatomic forces that are represented as covalent bonds. Most polymers chains are quite long and very complex. These long molecules are made up of repeat units which are repeated along the chain. The smaller repeating unit is called a monomer. Polymers can be made up of a single repeat unit, called a homopolymer, or two or more different repeating units called copolymers. Polymers generally have a very large molecular weight. These molecular chains tend to have many kinking, bending, and coiling along with entanglement with neighboring chains may occur. This causes the outcome material to be very elastic. Polymer chains can have side groups which cause different configurations based on which side and with what regularity they bond. They can present a level of crystallinity similar to the packing of the molecular chains to create an ordered atomic array. This crystal structure can be much more complex than metallic crystal structures. Defects in polymers also differ from those found in metals and ceramics. Defects in polymers are linked to the chain ends because they are slightly different than the chain itself and emerge from the segments of the crystal. Polymers are very sensitive to strain rate, temperature, and chemical nature of the environment. Different polymers can exhibit different stress strain behavior depending on the complexity of the mole cular chain. Certain polymers display a level of is brittle where fracture occurs before elastic deformation which is very similar in the case of ceramics. Another type of polymers is very similar to metals where elastic deformation takes place first followed by yielding and plastic deformation. A third type is exhibited by elastomers which have totally elastic and recoverable deformation. Polymers generally have a lower modulus of elasticity and tensile strength then metals. Some Polymers can be stretched up to ten times longer than its original state where metals and ceramics cannot easily accomplish. Polymers exhibit viscoelasticity at temperatures between where elastic and liquid like behaviors are prevalent. Similar to metals and ceramics, polymers can experience creep. Creep is a time dependent factor due to deformation under stress or elevated temperature. In both ceramics and polymers, creep depends on time and temperature. Polymers may be ductile or brittle depending on tem perature, strain rate, specimen geometry, and way of loading which is very similar to the properties of metals. Polymers are brittle at low temperatures and have somewhat low impact strengths. Polymers can experience fatigue under a repetitive loading. They are generally softer than metals and ceramics and unlike metals and ceramics, polymer melting occur over a range of temperatures instead at a specific temperature. Metals are a material made up of metallic elements that are bonded metallically like common alloys. The electrons are not bound to any particular atom creating a matrix of ion cores surrounded by many electrons. They are very good conductors of heat and electricity where as ceramics and polymers are lacking. Polymers and metals are both ductile and are not that brittle though metals also exhibit a level of malleability. Ceramics are very brittle, they tend to fracture under a load which means they are lacking in ductility. Polymers are the softest material due to their complex structure, while ceramics are the hardest but are not very tough because they fracture before plastic deformation occurs. Polymers plastically deform very easily and have the smallest Youngs modulus. Ceramics have the highest value because of their brittleness and never reach the point of plastic deformation because they would fracture first. The values of Youngs modulus for metals fall between those for polyme rs and ceramics. These three materials have diverse structures and exhibit different levels of defects. Alloying, using the term in the broadest sense. Simply an alloy is a metal compound that consists of 2 or more metal or nonmetallic elements. These combinations of metallic and non metallic elements ultimately create new compounds that in result display superior structural properties as compared to the elements by themselves. The type of alloy mixtures is highly dependent on the desired mechanical property of the material. Alloying can be applied to metals, ceramics and polymers where in each specific properties are desired. One of the most desired properties of metal alloys is the hardenability. A material with a high level of hardness will resist deformation caused by surface indentation or abrasion while a material with a low hardness level will deform more easily under similar conditions. The main factor in a materials hardenability is its martensite (the rate which austenitized iron carbon alloys are formed when cooled) also content and is related to the amount of carbon in a material. With this application of alloying on metals, the material can exhibit greater strain and stress resistances as well as elasticity. These properties are favorable when dealing with construction and manufacturing processes. A ceramic alloy is basically a fusion of a ceramic with of 2 or more metals. As seen in metal alloys, ceramic alloys can consist of impurity atoms in a solid state. In ceramic alloys an interstitial and substitutional states are possible. In an interstitial type, the anion has to be bigger than the impurity of the ionic radius. The substitutional impurity applies where the impurity atom usually forms a cation in the ceramic material thus the host cation will be substituted. Figure 12.23 provides a great visual representation of interstitial and substitutional types in a ceramic alloy (pg 437). Significantly, to properly achieve a solid state of solubility for substituting impurity atoms, the charge and the ionic size must be as the same as the host ion. If they were different it there would need to be some other way for the electroneutrality to be maintained within the solid. An easy way to do this is to create a formation of lattice defects of vacancies or interstitial of both ion t ypes. Cobalt chromium is a perfect example of a ceramic alloy in which was designed to be used for coronary interventions thus because it does not degrade once placed in the human body. Polymer alloys consist of two or more different types of polymers in a sense blended together. There are a variety of additives that can be blended or mixed in with the polymer to create the desired effect for the material. Polymer additives that support the modification of its physical properties are fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers and of course flame retardants. Fillers are generally introduced to a polymer, when a greater comprehensive strength and thermal stability is desired. Creating these types of alloys are very beneficial because they are generally very easy to create and use in their desired form. Plasticizers help improve the flexibility and toughness of polymers by reducing the hardness and stiffness of the material. They are often introduced to polymers that are generally brittle at room temperature. These additives are especially useful because they generally lower the glass transition temperature thus allowing the polymer to have a extent of pliability. Due to the f act that certain polymers are not resilient to environmental conditions, stabilizers are introduced. They provide stability and integrity against deterioration against the mechanical properties. The two most common forms of environmental deterioration are UV exposure and oxidation. A major concern with many polymers is that they are highly flammable. Flame retardants are introduced to such polymers to reduce the combustibility of the material by interfering with its ability to combust through a gas phase or initiating a different combustion reaction that generates less heat. This process will reduce the temperature that would eventually cease the burning process. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #2) Describe with reference to phase diagrams and dislocation theory, how precipitation age hardening can be achieved in aluminum alloys. Generally aluminum is a metal with a low level of density compared to other metals. Due to this low level of density, it conducts electricity and heat better than copper. Aluminums just over 1200 degrees Fahrenheit which is comparably low to other metals. Due to these simple facts, it seems ideal to bond elements such as titanium, silicon, copper, zinc and other materials to magnify aluminums positive attributes. The process precipitation age hardening can amplify the alloying of aluminum. This process involves supersaturating a solid solution precipitating evenly dispersed particles on the aluminum. This will help stop the movement of dislocations within the metal structure. The basic concept of dislocation is the atomic misalignment of atoms in a linear plane. These atomic misalignments affect a whole series of atoms on a plane. The series of misalign atoms form a line called a dislocation line. There are two known types of dislocation called the screw and edge dislocation. Screw d islocation and edge dislocation are the primary types of dislocations but require a certain amount of each other to occur. By reducing the amount of dislocations can radically increase the strength in the metal. The process of alloying usually makes a pure material harder. The process of alloying is having one metal bond with impurity atoms from other materials to change its mechanical properties. An alloying process called solid solution alloying uses a solution to substitute bonds inside the metal. The limiting of dislocation movement is a major factor for alloying because it can be used to strengthen metals. Alloying metals with the precipitation hardening makes the strength of the new material stronger as the progress of the process is delayed. The reason for precipitation hardening is sought after is because of its abilities in making metals stronger. Aluminum alloys can have precipitation in a very specific way. Heat treatment occurs when one material is heated a supersaturated mixture at a specific phase and so two different phases can be present together. A precipitate forms in small pieces throughout the entire material. When the mixture is at its equilibrium, the forming process comes to an end. The small pieces of precipitate then diffuse together to form one large precipitate. This stage of the precipitate tends to weaken the materials fundamental structure. The small pieces of precipitate in the material make it harder for dislocations to move. When strength of the material diminishes due to the movement of the precipitate it is called overaging. There are two things need for heat treatments to be applied. Figure 11.21 provides a graphical representation the relationship between temperature and composition for aluminum and copper (pg 402). The copper phase represented at a shows a supersaturated solid solution in aluminum while the compound that between the two elements is symbolized as ?. Interestingly the point M represents the max solubility point at certain temperature and composition in the material. Point N represents the solubility limit of a and (a + ?) L symbolizes the temperature needed for the solution to become a liquid. If a major amount of solute is made available in the solution, we would have a precipitation hardened alloy. The limit of the solubility curve vastly decreases in concentration as the temperature decreases. There are two different ways precipitation can occur. One process is the use heat treatment where the solute can be dissolved to form a solid single phase solution. This method can be done by heating an alloy to a very high temperature. Figure 11.24 shows that the ? phase is blended into a phase (pg 404). Then the alloy is cooled where all that is left is a supersaturated a phase. Precipitation heat treatment the (a + ?) phase is heated to a specific temperature to allow the ? phase to precipitate. The alloy is cooled and the hardness of the alloy is determined by time. A logarithmic function a comparison with strength and time proves the dependence of temperature and strength. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #3) Describe what is meant by the term glass transition temperature and illustrate your answer from polymer and ceramic point of view. Typically a glass transition temperature is where a noncrystalline form of a polymer or a ceramic is cooled and transforms from a super cooled liquid into a glass. A ceramic or a glassy material is a noncrystalline material that becomes increasingly more viscous when it is cooled. Due to the fact that glassy materials are noncrystalline there is no definite temperature when the liquid will transform into a solid. Though, it is also important to note that in noncrystalline materials the specific volume is dependent on temperature and will decrease with the temperature. The glass transition temperature displays a reduction in the rate at which the specific volume decreases with temperature. When the temperature is below this value, the material is in a ceramic from and directly above this point the material is considered a supercooled liquid. The glass transition temperature occurs in both glassy and semicrystalline polymers, but not in crystalline materials. As certain molecular chain s in noncrystalline materials temperature drop due to lack of motion the glass temperature transition occurs. Basically glass transition is the time in which a steady transformation occurs from the liquid state to a slightly rubbery state and then to the final more rigid solid material. The glass transition temperature is the state in which the material goes from its rubbery to rigid state. This transition can take place in both directions. As a polymer for example is cooled to a rigid solid, it can be heated and undergo the same transition in reverse. As the material undergoes all of these changes its properties change from state to state. Some materials can experience greater change include the stiffness, heat capacity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion for the material during this transition. The glass transition temperature also acts as a limit boundary for applications of polymers and polymer matrix like components. If this temperature is beyond the material threshold, it will no longer fit the desired properties the task had called for and the application would be useless. The molecules that had been frozen in place below the will both rotate and translate at the temperatures above. Molecular characteristics have an impact on the chains stiffness and will in turn affect the glass transition temperature for the material. Some molecular characteristics that can cause the chains flexibility to be reduced and the glass transition temperature to increase that include bulky side groups on the molecular chain. Also these characteristics can affect polar atoms or groups of polar atoms on the side of the molecular chain, double bonds, and aromatic groups. The glass transition temperature will also increase as the molecular weight of the material increases. Branching also influences the of a material, many branches will decrease the chains mobility and increase, a lower density of branches will cause the to decrease as the molecular chains will have a freer range of motion. Crosslinks can occur in glassy polymers and can affect, they cause the reduction of motion and therefore increase. If there are too many crosslinks occur in the material, the molecular motion would be so limited that glass transition may not occur. It can be understood that many of the same molecular characteristics which affect the glass transition temperature also affect the melting transition temperature. The two are affected in such a similar manner that is usually somewhere between 0.5 to 0.8 times the melting transition temperature. Figure 15.19 demonstrates this mathematic relationship (pg 548). Both ceramic and polymers have a glass transition temperature. A glass can be referred to by several different names; such as vitreous solid, an amorphous solid or glassy solid. An amorphous solid has the mechanical properties of a solid, but does not have long range molecular order where they are in motion at a very slow rate that it be considered rigid for regular purposes. When glas sy materials have been supercooled below the glass transition temperature they will take on characteristics similar to those of a crystalline solid. This solid will become rigid with an increased hardness and will be more brittle. However, if a glassy material is heated to above its glass transition temperature it will become softer and many of the intermolecular bonds will break allowing the material to flow at an increasing fluid viscosity. A polymer below the glass transition temperature is more rigid, but as it enters its glass transition phase, the material becomes more rubbery as its viscosity increases. The polymer can enter its glass transition at a lower temperature when critical factors that usually affect the motion of the molecules in the material are not all present. When molecular weight of a polymer increases, the glass transition temperature will also increase. Many factors that increase the the rubber gasket would not do its job properly. Polymers can exhibit the following structures: amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline. Describe these structures and explain how the mechanical properties may be influenced by these structural forms for a polymer of the same chemical formula. Polymers can develop amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline structures of the same chemical formula. Polymers can exist as liquids, semi solids, or solids related to the crystal structures respectively. However each of these structures exhibit a variety of different mechanical properties. The crystallinity of a polymer depends on the intermolecular secondary bonding which will heavily influence the extent of any mechanical property of the polymer. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and compression strength of a crystalline structure will be stronger than a semicrystalline structure and significantly stronger than amorphous type structure. For a crystalline structure the molecular chains of the polymer are tightly packed together in an organized atomic group which take up space and will affect the polymers mechanical properties. These crystalline structures are heavily influenced by the glass transition temperature. Also the isomer and chemical formula lays out crucial factors that will be very important in the formation of the bulk material structure. From certain large bulky functional groups there becomes an impending hindrance that will inhibit the movement capability of a molecule. This process will increase the energy requirement for any phase change. The outcome of this process is a greater transition temperature. This new temperature transition will increase the chances for the formation of a crystalline structure. The reason for this is and time span before the material becomes a disorganized liquid and requires a longer time for the molecules to arrange themselves properly. When polymers have many branches the weaker the material will be, even though crystalline structures are stronger than less ordered materials. Figure 15.18 demonstrates the change in these structural states when specific volume and temperature are compared (pg 546). Pure polymers have a very small melting point ranges and bond strength. Doped polymers and polymer alloys will generally have wider melting point ranges. The process of branching will decre ase the strength of a polymer, which would continuously decrease the melting point temperature. Though, the act of branching on heavily dense branches will decrease molecule mobility. Also within this process the molecular weight is affected as well. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #4) How are T-T-T and C-C-T diagrams used to design heat treatment schedules for plain carbon steels. Time-Temperature-Transformation or T-T-T and continuous cooling transformation or C-C-T are used for heat treatment schedules for plain carbon steel. T-T-T are commonly known as an isothermal transformation diagrams can show the change of different phases at certain temperatures. C-C-T can be used to calculate percent transformation against the logarithm function through time. The use the isothermal transformation and continuous cooling transformation diagrams can be used to develop a heat treatment for plain carbon steels. These diagrams will support the understanding of carbon steels through phase diagrams. When a structure is heat treated, its cooling process helps retain its structure. This process can be analyzed through T-T-T. Figure 10.13 displays a graphical representation of temperature against time with a third dimension with the percent of the steel alloy transformed to pearlite (pg 326). The understanding of a rapid cooling alloy sully depends on the understanding and application of heat treatment. It is understood that isothermal transformations do not change in temperature but continuous cooling transformation diagrams do. C-C-T and T-T-T display the same dimensions but over a larger spectrum of time and temperature. Figure 10.28 shows different forms of steel alloys (pg 338). A material that has been cooled to a temperature slightly below it s eutectoid temperature, and isothermal transformation is maintained for an extended period of time, interestingly it cannot be depicted on T-T-T diagrams in spheroid forms.

The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another

It was the year 2008. Exactly 833 days prior to the writing of this essay, Barack Obama was elected to be the 44th president of the United States of America. The road that lay ahead of this relatively young, but undoubtedly brilliant politician was laden with pot-holes, cracks, and unpaved areas. He faced the repercussions of an economic meltdown, two foreign wars against an unidentifiable enemy, and dismal education system. It can be said that political change was eminent, with the several new faces on Capital Hill and a resounding cry of ‘Hope’ among the nations’ voters. But at the same time, it could also be said that technologic landscape was changing as well. Social media, cell phones, cable television, and the internet would have been words of tomfoolery to anyone before the 1990’s. And yet, only 2 decades later all of the items listed above play a major role in the domestic and international political landscape. Never before this time period would you have seen so many voters influenced by presidential candidates’ appearances on ‘Saturday Night Live’, or a mass riot in Egypt organized by Twitter. The examples of change during our current time period and several others from the past have lead me to believe that neither political or technological change are ever more important than the other, but instead each have a direct influence on one another that drives change to occur in general. The middle of the 20th century has been marked as a time of great triumph for the United States. The country was finally being recognized as a modern day heavyweight on the international scene. Emerging relatively healthy from the Great Depression as well as two World Wars, it seemed that their was truly one worry on the minds of the American Citizens: The Rise of Communism. The tensions between the US and Eastern Europe and Asia were consistently on the rise. Our leaders did everything they could to warn their people about the dangers of that type of government and how the country could show the world what the power of a democracy could accomplish. They heavily encouraged scientific and medical advances, an increase in free enterprise, a movement for improved technology, as well as artistic and philosophical ideas. The results received were unbelievable, between the development of nuclear weaponry and advances in space exploration, the introduction of rock and roll, discovery of DNA, a cure for polio, and launch of nationwide television service, this time period may easily have been one of the greatest advances in technology in the history of mankind, but the forces that drove these events to occur had steep political backings, showing that although equal in importance, each could play a direct role on one-another. Now that examples have been given of important technological change affecting politics and vice-versa, it is time to take a closer look at the time period in question: the turn of the 19th century. It had been 36 years since the establishment of the United States and 11 since the new government had been put in place. Although this new government did have some kinks to work out, with some larger problems coming in the future, the vast majority the system did not require change. In the worlds of science, medicine, architecture, etc. , while some advances such as bi-focals, steam engines, and spinning jennys, there was not necessarily an introduction that dramatically changed everyday functions of the citizens of the United States. Therefore, the time period of the early 1800’s, although important, should be marked as somewhat of a stalemate in terms of change. It marked a time in which a country was trying to establish itself among other world powers, a country attempting to survive its infancy. A lot can be said about the concept of change. It can be viewed in both positive and negative light. In terms of political and technological change, it should be said that, no matter positive or negative, they consistently show a correlation between each-other. Major technological change can play an equally important role in how political change can occur, while important political change can play a major role in determining technological change, they both play an equally important part. Looking back through history, examples can be made of Egyptian Pharaohs forcing their people to make technological advances to build ancient temples, cities, and monuments. Also, advances made in travel during the later half of the 2nd millennium forced leaders of major powers to begin interacting on a more regular basis. No matter the time period, these two sections of possible change will never have one show more importance than the other. As citizens, we should always be looking to make the right decisions and holding the correct beliefs, because change is inevitable, but growth is optional.

Centros Regionales para green card 5 errores a evitar

El programa EB-5 para obtener la tarjeta de residencia (green card) por inversià ³n de medio millà ³n o un millà ³n de dà ³lares es, cada vez, mà ¡s popular. Sin embargo no conviene olvidar que se trata de una inversià ³n y que la tarjeta de residencia es condicional por los primeros dos aà ±os para garantizar que se cumplen los requisitos de este programa. Sin duda la EB-5 brinda enormes ventajas, pero conviene tener presente que ha habido numerosos casos problemà ¡ticos, particularmente cuando la inversià ³n se ha realizado a travà ©s de uno de los Centros Regionales autorizados para captar este tipo de inversià ³n. Para enviar problemas, tener en cuenta los puntos siguientes y hacer lo posible para evitarlos. 5 cosas a evitar para obtener la tarjeta de residencia por inversin (EB-5) 1. Los beneficiaros de la inversià ³n aseguran al potencial inversionista que el negocio està ¡ garantizada. Este problema es relativamente frecuente, incluso se han dado casos en los que se ha afirmado que el gobierno federal era el garante, lo cual es totalmente falso. Esto es un negocio y hay riesgos. Ademà ¡s, la ley que regula la EB-5 prohà ­be que se garantice la inversià ³n y por supuesto que el Gobierno no garantiza el buen rendimiento de una inversià ³n privada. 2. Falta de competencia por parte de los administradores de los Centros Regionales. Incluso se han dado situaciones en los que para captar inversores se ha prometido retornos no ciertos o se han realizado inversiones demasiado arriesgadas sin haberlo explicado debidamente. No hay que olvidar que hay casos en los que la inversià ³n de un inmigrante realizada a travà ©s del programa EB-5 ha sido un desastre, incluso ha acabado en bancarrota. Por ejemplo, inversiones realizadas por coreanos del sur en granjas de vacas lecheras en Dakota del Sur. Todo fue bien hasta que por razones de vaivenes en el mercado el precio de la leche se hundià ³. Ahà ­ perdieron su inversià ³n, y todos aquellos que tenà ­an su green card todavà ­a en fase condicional perdieron su estatus y tuvieron que abandonar los Estados Unidos: sin dinero y sin papeles. No se puede olvidar que para obtener la tarjeta de residencia definitiva hay que crear 10 puestos de trabajo domà ©sticos (para ciudadanos o residentes permanentes legales). Si no se cumple este objetivo, el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) no quitarà ¡ la condicionalidad de la green card y el inmigrante, con su familia, tendrà ¡ que abandonar los Estados Unidos. 3. Falta de competencia e incluso corrupcià ³n por parte de los brokers (intermediarios) de los Centros Regionales. En los brokers hay de todo, desde excelentes a meros especuladores que està ¡n en el negocio sà ³lo por la comisià ³n. Para evitar estos problemas es sumamente importante que el inversionista interesado contrate su propio abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en visas de inmigrante EB-5 y su propio analista financiero. No se puede olvidar que el interà ©s del Centro Regional no siempre coincide con el del inversionista. 4. Cambio de objeto del negocio. Este es un problema grande. En ocasiones un Centro Regional se forma con un objetivo en mente, pero a lo largo del proyecto se comprueba que no es factible y que otro serà ­a mà ¡s rentable econà ³micamente. Y se produce un cambio. Esto puede ser là ³gico desde el punto de vista empresarial. Pero es un gran error migratorio. Si al USCIS se le ha dicho que la inversià ³n era para un objetivo concreto, no se puede cambiar, porque se està ¡ violando las condiciones sobre cuya base se otorgà ³ la green card inicialmente. No olvidar que los dos primeros aà ±os es condicional y sà ³lo se convertirà ¡ en definitiva si despuà ©s de analizar el caso llega a la conclusià ³n de que efectivamente se han cumplido todos los requerimientos 5. Retorno bajo por la cantidad invertida. En algunos Centros Regionales el retorno por inversià ³n se sità ºa entre el 1 y el 3 por ciento, lo cual es bajo. A los Centros Regionales les se mà ¡s barato financiarse con dinero de extranjeros que desean la green card que con inversores americanos que van a pedir mejores condiciones econà ³micas. Lo cierto es que a muchos inversionistas extranjeros no les importa, ya que su objetivo primordial es la green card. En todo caso, es un punto que hay que tener en cuenta a la hora de elegir en quà © Centro Regional invertir, y verificar tambià ©n informacià ³n relevante, como la tasa de desempleo (cuando mà ¡s bajo, mà ¡s rica es la comunidad lo que puede afectar a la rentabilidad del negocio). Tambià ©n se debe conocer los impuestos estatales y locales que hay que pagar. Otra forma de obtener papeles por inversin La E2 por inversià ³n permite obtener una visa. Es muy importante no confundir la E2 con la EB-5. Las cantidades, condiciones y beneficios son muy diferentes. Pero sin duda opcià ³n a considerar para los inversionistas con medios econà ³micos mà ¡s limitados (o a los que no està ©n interesados en la residencia permanente y consideren suficiente tener un negocio en EU y una visa que les permita vivir en EU dependiente de ese negocio). Entre las preguntas mà ¡s frecuentes de esta visa de inversià ³n destacan  cuà ¡nto dinero hay que invertir para obtener una E-2  y cuà ¡les son los paà ­ses que tienen un tratado con Estados Unidos para permitir a sus nacionales aplicar por esta visa. No confundir con el Tratado de Libre Comercio, que nada tiene que ver con este tipo de visado. Otra opcià ³n, para las personas que ya tienen creado un negocio de importacià ³n/exportacià ³n es la visa E-1 para comerciantes bajo tratado. Hay, ademà ¡s, otra posibilidad: la visa L-1 para transfer en caso de personas que ya tienen una empresa funcionando en su paà ­s y està ¡n interesadas en abrir una empresa relacionada o una sucursal en los Estados Unidos. A tener en cuenta Se estima que desde la creacià ³n del programa EB-5 en los aà ±os 90 se han invertido en Estados Unidos unos 6.8 billones (mil millones) de dà ³lares y se han creado unos 50,000 empleos americanos. La mayorà ­a de los inversionistas provienen, por este orden, de China, Corea del Sur, Taiwà ¡n, India, Emiratos à rabes Unidos y Canadà ¡. Cada aà ±o fiscal se pueden otorgar un mà ¡ximo de 10,000 tarjetas de residencia a travà ©s de este programa. En los primeros aà ±os nunca se llegaba al là ­mite. Últimamente se roza y comienza a haber lista de espera. Finalmente, si se està ¡ pensando en realizar una inversià ³n en Estados Unidos para fundar un negocio es importante tener en consideracià ³n que existen grandes diferencias entre los estados, siendo unos mucho mà ¡s pro-negocios que otros. Estos son los 10 estados que se consideran como los mejores para hacer negocio. Cuando se est abierto a emigrar a otros pases A veces se sabe que se quiere emigrar a otro paà ­s pero todavà ­a no hay una decisià ³n final sobre quà © lugar es el mà ¡s conveniente y dà ³nde es posible. En estos casos resulta informativo conocer este listado de mà ¡s de 20 paà ­ses permiten obtener la ciudadanà ­a y/o la residencia a cambio de una inversià ³n. Las condiciones y las cantidades son muy distintas. Es muy recomendable familiarizarse con los requisitos y ventajas de cada uno. Y si finalmente Estados Unidos es el paà ­s elegido, verificar estos 10 puntos que deben realmente conocerse antes de emigrar.  Harà ¡n la vida mà ¡s fà ¡cil. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. no es asesorà ­a legal.